Organic electroluminescent materials and devices

ABSTRACT

Organic electroluminescent materials and devices are disclosed. The organic electroluminescent materials are novel benzodithiophene or its analogous structure compounds, which can be used as charge transporting materials, hole injection materials, or the like in an electroluminescent device. These novel compounds can offer excellent performance compared with existing materials, for example, to further improve the voltage, efficiency and/or lifetime of the OLEDs.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 16/215,673, filed Dec. 11, 2018 and entitled “ORGANIC ELECTROLUMINESCENT MATERIALS AND DEVICES,” which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/597,941, filed Dec. 13, 2017 and entitled “ORGANIC ELECTROLUMINESCENT MATERIALS AND DEVICES,” the entirety of each of which is incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD

The present invention relates to a compound for use in organic electronic devices, such as organic light-emitting devices. More particularly, it relates to a novel compound having a structure of dehydrobenzodioxazole, dehydrobenzodithiazole or dehydrobenzodiselenazole, or the like, and an organic electroluminescent device and a compound formulation comprising the compound.

BACKGROUND ART

Organic electronic devices include, but are not limited to, the following types: organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic field-effect transistors (O-FETs), organic light-emitting transistors (OLETs), organic photovoltaic devices (OPVs), dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), organic optical detectors, organic photoreceptors, organic field-quench devices (OFQDs), light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs), organic laser diodes and organic plasmon emitting devices.

In 1987, Tang and Van Slyke of Eastman Kodak reported a bilayer organic electroluminescent device, which comprises an arylamine hole transporting layer and a tris-8-hydroxyquinolato-aluminum layer as the electron and emitting layer (Applied Physics Letters, 1987, 51 (12): 913-915). Once a bias is applied to the device, green light was emitted from the device. This invention laid the foundation for the development of modern organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). State-of-the-art OLEDs may comprise multiple layers such as charge injection and transporting layers, charge and exciton blocking layers, and one or multiple emissive layers between the cathode and anode. Since OLED is a self-emitting solid state device, it offers tremendous potential for display and lighting applications. In addition, the inherent properties of organic materials, such as their flexibility, may make them well suited for particular applications such as fabrication on flexible substrates.

OLED can be categorized as three different types according to its emitting mechanism. The OLED invented by Tang and van Slyke is a fluorescent OLED. It only utilizes singlet emission. The triplets generated in the device are wasted through nonradiative decay channels. Therefore, the internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of a fluorescent OLED is only 25%. This limitation hindered the commercialization of OLED. In 1997, Forrest and Thompson reported phosphorescent OLED, which uses triplet emission from heave metal containing complexes as the emitter. As a result, both singlet and triplets can be harvested, achieving 100% IQE. The discovery and development of phosphorescent OLED contributed directly to the commercialization of active-matrix OLED (AMOLED) due to its high efficiency. Recently, Adachi achieved high efficiency through thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) of organic compounds. These emitters have small singlet-triplet gap that makes the transition from triplet back to singlet possible. In the TADF device, the triplet excitons can go through reverse intersystem crossing to generate singlet excitons, resulting in high IQE.

OLEDs can also be classified as small molecule and polymer OLEDs according to the forms of the materials used. Small molecule refers to any organic or organometallic material that is not a polymer. The molecular weight of a small molecule can be large as long as it has well defined structure. Dendrimers with well-defined structures are considered as small molecules. Polymer OLEDs include conjugated polymers and non-conjugated polymers with pendant emitting groups. Small molecule OLED can become a polymer OLED if post polymerization occurred during the fabrication process.

There are various methods for OLED fabrication. Small molecule OLEDs are generally fabricated by vacuum thermal evaporation. Polymer OLEDs are fabricated by solution process such as spin-coating, inkjet printing, and slit printing. If the material can be dissolved or dispersed in a solvent, the small molecule OLED can also be produced by solution process.

The emitting color of an OLED can be achieved by emitter structural design. An OLED may comprise one emitting layer or a plurality of emitting layers to achieve desired spectrum. In the case of green, yellow, and red OLEDs, phosphorescent emitters have successfully reached commercialization. Blue phosphorescent emitters still suffer from non-saturated blue color, short device lifetime, and high operating voltage. Commercial full-color OLED displays normally adopt a hybrid strategy, using fluorescent blue and phosphorescent yellow, or red and green. At present, efficiency roll-off of phosphorescent OLEDs at high brightness remains a problem. In addition, it is desirable to have more saturated emitting color, higher efficiency, and longer device lifetime.

In an OLED device, a hole injection layer (HIL) facilitates hole injection from the ITO anode to the organic layers. To achieve a low device driving voltage, it is important to have a minimum charge injection barrier from the anode. Various HIL materials have been developed such as triarylamine compounds having a shallow HOMO energy levels, very electron deficient heterocycles, and triarylamine compounds doped with P-type conductive dopants. To improve OLED performance such as longer device lifetime, higher efficiency and/or lower voltage, it is crucial to develop HIL, HTL materials with better performance.

The organic light emitting display device uses a hole injection layer and an electron injection layer to promote charge injection. The hole injection layer is a functional layer formed from a single material or more than one material. Methods involving a single material generally utilize materials with deep LUMO levels, while methods involving more than one material are performed by doping a hole transporting material with a P-type, deep-LUMO material. The commonality between these two methods is the use of deep-LUMO materials.

US20050121667 discloses the use of an organic mesomeric compound as organic dopant for doping an organic semiconducting matrix material for varying the electrical properties thereof. The mesomeric compound is a quinone or quinone derivative, and under same evaporation conditions, has a lower volatility than F4-TCNQ. General structures disclosed therein include

This application focuses primarily on the unique properties of a quinone or quinone derivative when used as a dopant, but it does not disclose or teach the properties and use of any compound that has a parent core structure similar to the present application.

However, materials with deep LUMO levels are not easily synthesized due to their substituents with strong electron-withdrawing ability, and it is difficult to possess both deep LUMO level, high stability, and high film-forming ability. For example, F4-TCNQ (a P-type hole injection material), although having a deep LUMO level, has an extremely low vapor deposition temperature, affecting deposition control and production performance reproducibility and device thermal stability; and, for another example, HATCN has problems in film formation in devices due to strong crystallinity, and the LUMO level thereof is not deep enough to be used as a P-type dopant. Since the hole injection layer has a great influence on the voltage, efficiency and lifetime of an OLED device, it is very important and urgent in the industry for the development of materials with a deep LUMO level, high stability and high film-forming ability.

SUMMARY

The present invention aims to solve at least part of above problems by using a charge transporting layer or a hole injection layer, which comprising a benzodithiophene or its analogous structure compound. In addition, a charge generation layer comprising a benzodithiophene or its analogous structure compound is provided, which can be used for the p type charge generation layer in tandem OLEDs structure and can provide better device performance, for example, to further improve the voltage, efficiency and/or lifetime of the OLEDs.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, a compound having Formula 1 is disclosed:

wherein

X₁, X₂, X₃, and X₄ are each independently selected from the group consisting of CR, and N; when X₁, X₂, X₃, and X₄ are each independently selected from CR, each R may be same or different, and at least one of R comprises at least one electron withdrawing group;

Z₁ and Z₂ are each independently selected from the group consisting of O, S, Se, S═O, and SO₂;

X and Y are each independently selected from the group consisting of S, Se, NR′, and CR″R′″;

R, R′, R″, and R′″ are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted arylalkyl group having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylsilyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted arylsilyl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group having 0 to 20 carbon atoms, an acyl group, a carbonyl group, a carboxylic acid group, an ester group, a nitrile group, an isonitrile group, a sulfanyl group, a sulfinyl group, a sulfonyl group, a phosphino group, and combinations thereof;

Any adjacent substitution can be optionally joined to form a ring or fused structure.

According to yet another embodiment, an organic light-emitting device is also disclosed, which comprises an anode, a cathode, and organic layer between the anode and the cathode, wherein the organic layer comprises a compound having Formula 1:

wherein

X₁ to X₄ are each independently selected from the group consisting of CR, and N; when X₁, X₂, X₃, and X₄ are each independently selected from CR, each R may be same or different, and at least one of R comprises at least one electron withdrawing group;

Z₁ and Z₂ are each independently selected from the group consisting of O, S, Se, S═O, and SO₂;

X and Y are each independently selected from the group consisting of S, Se, NR′, and CR″R′″;

R, R′, R″, and R′″ are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted arylalkyl group having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylsilyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted arylsilyl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group having 0 to 20 carbon atoms, an acyl group, a carbonyl group, a carboxylic acid group, an ester group, a nitrile group, an isonitrile group, a sulfanyl group, a sulfinyl group, a sulfonyl group, a phosphino group, and combinations thereof;

Any adjacent substitution can be optionally joined to form a ring or fused structure.

According to yet another embodiment, an organic light-emitting device is also disclosed, which comprises a plurality of stacks between an anode and a cathode, the stacks comprise a first light-emitting layer and a second light-emitting layer, wherein the first stack comprises a first light-emitting layer, the second stack comprises a second light-emitting layer, and a charge generation layer is disposed between the first stack and the second stack, wherein the charge generation layer comprises a p type charge generation layer and an n type charge generation layer, wherein the p type charge generation layer comprises a compound having Formula 1:

wherein

X₁ to X₄ are each independently selected from the group consisting of CR, and N; when X₁, X₂, X₃, and X₄ are each independently selected from CR, each R may be same or different, and at least one of R comprises at least one electron withdrawing group;

Z₁ and Z₂ are each independently selected from the group consisting of O, S, Se, S═O, and SO₂;

X and Y are each independently selected from the group consisting of S, Se, NR′, and CR″R′″;

R, R′, R″, and R′″ are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted arylalkyl group having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylsilyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted arylsilyl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group having 0 to 20 carbon atoms, an acyl group, a carbonyl group, a carboxylic acid group, an ester group, a nitrile group, an isonitrile group, a sulfanyl group, a sulfinyl group, a sulfonyl group, a phosphino group, and combinations thereof;

Any adjacent substitution can be optionally joined to form a ring or fused structure.

The novel compounds comprising a benzodithiophene or its analogous structure disclosed in the present invention can be used as charge transporting materials, hole injection materials, or the like in an organic electroluminescent device. Compared with existing materials, these novel compounds can offer excellent device performance.

The present invention also intends to provide a series of novel compounds having a structure of dehydrobenzodioxazole, dehydrobenzodithiazole or dehydrobenzodiselenazole, or the like, to address at least some of the above problems. The compounds can be used as charge-transporting materials and charge injection materials in organic electroluminescent devices. These novel compounds greatly improve the performance such as voltage and lifetime of organic electroluminescent devices.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, a compound having Formula 1′ is disclosed:

wherein each of X and Y is independently selected from the group consisting of CR″R′″, NR′, O, S and Se;

wherein each of Z₁ and Z₂ is independently selected from the group consisting of O, S and Se;

wherein each of R, R′, R″, R′″ is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, nitroso, nitro, acyl, carbonyl, a carboxylic acid group, an ester group, cyano, isocyano, SCN, OCN, SF₅, boranyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, phosphoroso, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted arylalkyl group having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylsilyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted arylsilyl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and combinations thereof;

wherein each R may be same or different, and at least one of R, R′, R″ and R′″ is a group having at least one electron-withdrawing group; and

wherein adjacent substituents can be optionally joined to form a ring or a fused structure.

According to yet another embodiment of the present invention, an electroluminescent device is also disclosed, which comprises an anode, a cathode, and an organic layer disposed between the anode and the cathode, wherein the organic layer comprises a compound having Formula 1′:

wherein each of X and Y is independently selected from the group consisting of CR″R′″, NR′, O, S and Se;

wherein each of Z₁ and Z₂ is independently selected from the group consisting of O, S and Se;

wherein each of R₁, R′, R″ and R′″ is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, nitroso, nitro, acyl, carbonyl, a carboxylic acid group, an ester group, cyano, isocyano, SCN, OCN, SF₅, boranyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, phosphoroso, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted arylalkyl group having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylsilyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted arylsilyl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and combinations thereof;

wherein adjacent substituents can be optionally joined to form a ring or a fused structure; and

wherein each R may be same or different, and at least one of R, R′, R″ and R′″ is a group having at least one electron-withdrawing group.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, a compound formulation is also disclosed, which comprises the compound having the structure of Formula 1′.

The novel compounds having a structure of dehydrobenzodioxazole, dehydrobenzodithiazole or dehydrobenzodiselenazole or the like as disclosed in the present invention can be used as charge-transporting materials and charge injection materials in electroluminescent devices. Such novel compounds greatly improve the performance such as voltage and lifetime of organic electroluminescent devices.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 schematically shows an organic light emitting device that can incorporate the compound and compound formulation disclosed herein.

FIG. 2 schematically shows a tandem organic light emitting device that can incorporate the compound and compound formulation disclosed herein.

FIG. 3 schematically shows another tandem organic light emitting device that can incorporate the compound and compound formulation disclosed herein.

FIG. 4 shows the structural Formula 1 of compound disclosed herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

OLEDs can be fabricated on various types of substrates such as glass, plastic, and metal foil. FIG. 1 schematically shows the organic light emitting device 100 without limitation. The figures are not necessarily drawn to scale. Some of the layer in the figure can also be omitted as needed. Device 100 may include a substrate 101, an anode 110, a hole injection layer 120, a hole transport layer 130, an electron blocking layer 140, an emissive layer 150, a hole blocking layer 160, an electron transport layer 170, an electron injection layer 180 and a cathode 190. Device 100 may be fabricated by depositing the layers described in order. The properties and functions of these various layers, as well as example materials, are described in more detail in U.S. Pat. No. 7,279,704 at cols. 6-10, which are incorporated by reference in its entirety.

More examples for each of these layers are available. For example, a flexible and transparent substrate-anode combination is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,844,363, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. An example of a p-doped hole transport layer is m-MTDATA doped with F4-TCNQ at a molar ratio of 50:1, as disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2003/0230980, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. Examples of host materials are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,303,238 to Thompson et al., which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. An example of an n-doped electron transport layer is BPhen doped with Li at a molar ratio of 1:1, as disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2003/0230980, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,703,436 and 5,707,745, which are incorporated by reference in their entireties, disclose examples of cathodes including compound cathodes having a thin layer of metal such as Mg:Ag with an overlying transparent, electrically-conductive, sputter-deposited ITO layer. The theory and use of blocking layers is described in more detail in U.S. Pat. No. 6,097,147 and U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2003/0230980, which are incorporated by reference in their entireties. Examples of injection layers are provided in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2004/0174116, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. A description of protective layers may be found in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2004/0174116, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.

The layered structure described above is provided by way of non-limiting example. Functional OLEDs may be achieved by combining the various layers described in different ways, or layers may be omitted entirely, such as an electron blocking layer. It may also include other layers not specifically described. Within each layer, a single material or a mixture of multiple materials can be used to achieve optimum performance. Any functional layer may include several sublayers. For example, the emissive layer may have a two layers of different emitting materials to achieve desired emission spectrum. Also for example, the hole transporting layer may comprise the first hole transporting layer and the second hole transporting layer.

In one embodiment, an OLED may be described as having an “organic layer” disposed between a cathode and an anode. This organic layer may comprise a single layer or multiple layers.

In one embodiment, two or more OLED units may be series connection to form a tandem OLED. FIG. 2 schematically shows the tandem organic light emitting device 500 without limitation. The device 500 may include a substrate 101, an anode 110, a first unit 100, a charge generation layer 300, a second unit 200, and a cathode 290. Wherein the first unit 100 includes a hole injection layer 120, a hole transporting layer 130, an electron blocking layer 140, an emissive layer 150, a hole blocking layer 160, an electron transporting layer 170, and the second unit 200 includes a hole injection layer 220, a hole transporting layer 230, an electron blocking layer 240, an emissive layer 250, a hole blocking layer 260, an electron transporting layer 270, and an electron injection layer 280. The charge generation layers 300 include an N type charge generation layer 310 and a P type charge generation layer 320. The device 500 may be manufactured by sequentially depositing the described layers.

An OLED can be encapsulated by a barrier layer. FIG. 3 schematically shows the organic light emitting device 600 without limitation. FIG. 3 differs from FIG. 2 in that the organic light emitting device include a barrier layer 102, which is above the cathode 290, to protect it from harmful species from the environment such as moisture and oxygen. Any material that can provide the barrier function can be used as the barrier layer such as glass and organic-inorganic hybrid layers. The barrier layer should be placed directly or indirectly outside of the OLED device. Multilayer thin film encapsulation was described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,968,146, which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

Devices fabricated in accordance with embodiments of the invention can be incorporated into a wide variety of consumer products that have one or more of the electronic component modules (or units) incorporated therein. Some examples of such consumer products include flat panel displays, monitors, medical monitors, televisions, billboards, lights for interior or exterior illumination and/or signaling, heads-up displays, fully or partially transparent displays, flexible displays, smart phones, tablets, phablets, wearable devices, smart watches, laptop computers, digital cameras, camcorders, viewfinders, micro-displays, 3-D displays, vehicles displays, and vehicle tail lights.

The materials and structures described herein may be used in other organic electronic devices listed above.

As used herein, “top” means furthest away from the substrate, while “bottom” means closest to the substrate. Where a first layer is described as “disposed over” a second layer, the first layer is disposed further away from substrate. There may be other layers between the first and second layer, unless it is specified that the first layer is “in contact with” the second layer. For example, a cathode may be described as “disposed over” an anode, even though there are various organic layers in between.

As used herein, “solution processible” means capable of being dissolved, dispersed, or transported in and/or deposited from a liquid medium, either in solution or suspension form.

A ligand may be referred to as “photoactive” when it is believed that the ligand directly contributes to the photoactive properties of an emissive material. A ligand may be referred to as “ancillary” when it is believed that the ligand does not contribute to the photoactive properties of an emissive material, although an ancillary ligand may alter the properties of a photoactive ligand.

It is believed that the internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of fluorescent OLEDs can exceed the 25% spin statistics limit through delayed fluorescence. As used herein, there are two types of delayed fluorescence, i.e. P-type delayed fluorescence and E-type delayed fluorescence. P-type delayed fluorescence is generated from triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA).

On the other hand, E-type delayed fluorescence does not rely on the collision of two triplets, but rather on the transition between the triplet states and the singlet excited states. Compounds that are capable of generating E-type delayed fluorescence are required to have very small singlet-triplet gaps to convert between energy states. Thermal energy can activate the transition from the triplet state back to the singlet state. This type of delayed fluorescence is also known as thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). A distinctive feature of TADF is that the delayed component increases as temperature rises. If the reverse intersystem crossing rate is fast enough to minimize the non-radiative decay from the triplet state, the fraction of back populated singlet excited states can potentially reach 75%. The total singlet fraction can be 100%, far exceeding 25% of the spin statistics limit for electrically generated excitons.

E-type delayed fluorescence characteristics can be found in an exciplex system or in a single compound. Without being bound by theory, it is believed that E-type delayed fluorescence requires the luminescent material to have a small singlet-triplet energy gap (ΔE_(S-T)). Organic, non-metal containing, donor-acceptor luminescent materials may be able to achieve this. The emission in these materials is often characterized as a donor-acceptor charge-transfer (CT) type emission. The spatial separation of the HOMO and LUMO in these donor-acceptor type compounds often results in small ΔE_(S-T). These states may involve CT states. Often, donor-acceptor luminescent materials are constructed by connecting an electron donor moiety such as amino- or carbazole-derivatives and an electron acceptor moiety such as N-containing six-membered aromatic rings.

Definition of Terms of Substituents

halogen or halide—as used herein includes fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine.

Alkyl—contemplates both straight and branched chain alkyl groups. Examples of the alkyl group include methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, s-butyl group, isobutyl group, t-butyl group, n-pentyl group, n-hexyl group, n-heptyl group, n-octyl group, n-nonyl group, n-decyl group, n-undecyl group, n-dodecyl group, n-tridecyl group, n-tetradecyl group, n-pentadecyl group, n-hexadecyl group, n-heptadecyl group, n-octadecyl group, neopentyl group, 1-methylpentyl group, 2-methylpentyl group, 1-pentylhexyl group, 1-butylpentyl group, 1-heptyloctyl group, 3-methylpentyl group. Additionally, the alkyl group may be optionally substituted. The carbons in the alkyl chain can be replaced by other hetero atoms. Of the above, preferred are methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, s-butyl group, isobutyl group, t-butyl group, n-pentyl group, and neopentyl group.

Cycloalkyl—as used herein contemplates cyclic alkyl groups. Preferred cycloalkyl groups are those containing 4 to 10 ring carbon atoms and includes cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, 4-methylcyclohexyl, 4,4-dimethylcyclohexyl, 1-adamantyl, 2-adamantyl, 1-norbornyl, 2-norbornyl and the like. Additionally, the cycloalkyl group may be optionally substituted. The carbons in the ring can be replaced by other hetero atoms.

Alkenyl—as used herein contemplates both straight and branched chain alkene groups. Preferred alkenyl groups are those containing two to fifteen carbon atoms. Examples of the alkenyl group include vinyl group, allyl group, 1-butenyl group, 2-butenyl group, 3-butenyl group, 1,3-butadienyl group, 1-methylvinyl group, styryl group, 2,2-diphenylvinyl group, 1,2-diphenylvinyl group, 1-methylallyl group, 1,1-dimethylallyl group, 2-methylallyl group, 1-phenylallyl group, 2-phenylallyl group, 3-phenylallyl group, 3,3-diphenylallyl group, 1,2-dimethylallyl group, 1-phenyl-butenyl group, and 3-phenyl-1-butenyl group. Additionally, the alkenyl group may be optionally substituted.

Alkynyl—as used herein contemplates both straight and branched chain alkyne groups. Preferred alkynyl groups are those containing two to fifteen carbon atoms. Additionally, the alkynyl group may be optionally substituted.

Aryl or aromatic group—as used herein contemplates noncondensed and condensed systems. Preferred aryl groups are those containing six to sixty carbon atoms, preferably six to twenty carbon atoms, more preferably six to twelve carbon atoms. Examples of the aryl group include phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, triphenylene, tetraphenylene, naphthalene, anthracene, phenalene, phenanthrene, fluorene, pyrene, chrysene, perylene, and azulene, preferably phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, triphenylene, fluorene, and naphthalene. Additionally, the aryl group may be optionally substituted. Examples of the non-condensed aryl group include phenyl group, biphenyl-2-yl group, biphenyl-3-yl group, biphenyl-4-yl group, p-terphenyl-4-yl group, p-terphenyl-3-yl group, p-terphenyl-2-yl group, m-terphenyl-4-yl group, m-terphenyl-3-yl group, m-terphenyl-2-yl group, o-tolyl group, m-tolyl group, p-tolyl group, p-t-butylphenyl group, p-(2-phenylpropyl)phenyl group, 4′-methylbiphenylyl group, 4″-t-butyl p-terphenyl-4-yl group, o-cumenyl group, m-cumenyl group, p-cumenyl group, 2,3-xylyl group, 3,4-xylyl group, 2,5-xylyl group, mesityl group, and m-quaterphenyl group.

Heterocyclic group or heterocycle—as used herein contemplates aromatic and non-aromatic cyclic groups. Hetero-aromatic also means heteroaryl. Preferred non-aromatic heterocyclic groups are those containing 3 to 7 ring atoms which includes at least one hetero atom such as nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. The heterocyclic group can also be an aromatic heterocyclic group having at least one heteroatom selected from nitrogen atom, oxygen atom, sulfur atom, and selenium atom.

Heteroaryl—as used herein contemplates noncondensed and condensed hetero-aromatic groups that may include from one to five heteroatoms. Preferred heteroaryl groups are those containing three to thirty carbon atoms, preferably three to twenty carbon atoms, more preferably three to twelve carbon atoms. Suitable heteroaryl groups include dibenzothiophene, dibenzofuran, dibenzoselenophene, furan, thiophene, benzofuran, benzothiophene, benzoselenophene, carbazole, indolocarbazole, pyridylindole, pyrrolodipyridine, pyrazole, imidazole, triazole, oxazole, thiazole, oxadiazole, oxatriazole, dioxazole, thiadiazole, pyridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, triazine, oxazine, oxathiazine, oxadiazine, indole, benzimidazole, indazole, indoxazine, benzoxazole, benzisoxazole, benzothiazole, quinoline, isoquinoline, cinnoline, quinazoline, quinoxaline, naphthyridine, phthalazine, pteridine, xanthene, acridine, phenazine, phenothiazine, phenoxazine, benzofuropyridine, furodipyridine, benzothienopyridine, thienodipyridine, benzoselenophenopyridine, and selenophenodipyridine, preferably dibenzothiophene, dibenzofuran, dibenzoselenophene, carbazole, indolocarbazole, imidazole, pyridine, triazine, benzimidazole, 1,2-azaborine, 1,3-azaborine, 1,4-azaborine, borazine, and aza-analogs thereof. Additionally, the heteroaryl group may be optionally substituted.

Alkoxy—it is represented by —O-Alkyl. Examples and preferred examples thereof are the same as those described above. Examples of the alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms include methoxy group, ethoxy group, propoxy group, butoxy group, pentyloxy group, and hexyloxy group. The alkoxy group having 3 or more carbon atoms may be linear, cyclic or branched.

Aryloxy—it is represented by —O-Aryl or —O-heteroaryl. Examples and preferred examples thereof are the same as those described above. Examples of the aryloxy group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms include phenoxy group and biphenyloxy group.

Arylalkyl—as used herein contemplates an alkyl group that has an aryl substituent. Additionally, the arylalkyl group may be optionally substituted. Examples of the arylalkyl group include benzyl group, 1-phenylethyl group, 2-phenylethyl group, 1-phenylisopropyl group, 2-phenylisopropyl group, phenyl-t-butyl group, alpha.-naphthylmethyl group, 1-alpha.-naphthylethyl group, 2-alpha-naphthylethyl group, 1-alpha-naphthylisopropyl group, 2-alpha-naphthylisopropyl group, beta-naphthylmethyl group, 1-beta-naphthylethyl group, 2-beta-naphthylethyl group, 1-beta-naphthylisopropyl group, 2-beta-naphthylisopropyl group, p-methylbenzyl group, m-methylbenzyl group, o-methylbenzyl group, p-chlorobenzyl group, m-chlorobenzyl group, o-chlorobenzyl group, p-bromobenzyl group, m-bromobenzyl group, o-bromobenzyl group, p-iodobenzyl group, m-iodobenzyl group, o-iodobenzyl group, p-hydroxybenzyl group, m-hydroxybenzyl group, o-hydroxybenzyl group, p-aminobenzyl group, m-aminobenzyl group, o-aminobenzyl group, p-nitrobenzyl group, m-nitrobenzyl group, o-nitrobenzyl group, p-cyanobenzyl group, m-cyanobenzyl group, o-cyanobenzyl group, 1-hydroxy-2-phenylisopropyl group, and 1-chloro2-phenylisopropyl group. Of the above, preferred are benzyl group, p-cyanobenzyl group, m-cyanobenzyl group, o-cyanobenzyl group, 1-phenylethyl group, 2-phenylethyl group, 1-phenylisopropyl group, and 2-phenylisopropyl group.

The term “aza” in azadibenzofuran, aza-dibenzothiophene, etc. means that one or more of the C—H groups in the respective aromatic fragment are replaced by a nitrogen atom. For example, azatriphenylene encompasses dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline,dibenzo[f,h]quinoline and other analogues with two or more nitrogens in the ring system. One of ordinary skill in the art can readily envision other nitrogen analogs of the aza-derivatives described above, and all such analogs are intended to be encompassed by the terms as set forth herein.

It is to be understood that when a molecular fragment is described as being a substituent or otherwise attached to another moiety, its name may be written as if it were a fragment (e.g. phenyl, phenylene, naphthyl, dibenzofuryl) or as if it were the whole molecule (e.g. benzene, naphthalene, dibenzofuran). As used herein, these different ways of designating a substituent or attached fragment are considered to be equivalent.

In the compounds mentioned in this disclosure, the hydrogen atoms can be partially or fully replaced by deuterium. Other atoms such as carbon and nitrogen, can also be replaced by their other stable isotopes. The replacement by other stable isotopes in the compounds may be preferred due to its enhancements of device efficiency and stability.

In the compounds mentioned in this disclosure, multiple substitutions refer to a range that includes a double substitution, up to the maximum available substitutions.

In the present disclosure, unless otherwise defined, when any term of the group consisting of substituted alkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, substituted aralkyl, substituted alkoxy, substituted aryloxy, substituted alkenyl, substituted alkynyl, substituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, substituted alkylsilyl, substituted arylsilyl, substituted amine, substituted acyl, substituted carbonyl, substituted carboxylic acid group, substituted ester group, substituted sulfinyl, substituted sulfonyl and substituted phosphoroso is used, it means that any group of alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, aralkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alkylsilyl, arylsilyl, amine, acyl, carbonyl, carboxylic acid group, ester group, sulfinyl, sulfonyl and phosphoroso may be substituted with one or more groups selected from the group consisting of deuterium, a halogen, an unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms, an unsubstituted heteroalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an unsubstituted aralkyl group having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, an unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an unsubstituted aryloxy group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, an unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, an unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, an unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, an unsubstituted alkylsilyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, an unsubstituted arylsilyl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, an unsubstituted amino group having 0 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group, an acyl group, a carbonyl group, a carboxylic acid group, an ester group, an ether group, a cyano group, an isocyano group, a thiol group, a sulfonyl group, a sulfinyl group and a phosphoroso group, and combinations thereof.

In the compounds mentioned in the present disclosure, adjacent substituents in the compounds cannot connect to form a ring unless otherwise explicitly defined, for example, adjacent substituents can be optionally joined to form a ring. In the compounds mentioned in the present disclosure, adjacent substituents can be optionally joined to form a ring, including both the case where adjacent substituents can be joined to form a ring, and the case where adjacent substituents are not joined to form a ring. When adjacent substituents can be optionally joined to form a ring, the ring formed may be monocyclic or polycyclic, as well as alicyclic, heteroalicyclic, aromatic or heteroaromatic. In such expression, adjacent substituents may refer to substituents bonded to the same atom, substituents bonded to carbon atoms which are directly bonded to each other, or substituents bonded to carbon atoms which are more distant from each other. Preferably, adjacent substituents refer to substituents bonded to the same carbon atom and substituents bonded to carbon atoms which are directly bonded to each other.

The expression that adjacent substituents can be optionally joined to form a ring is also intended to mean that two substituents bonded to the same carbon atom are joined to each other via a chemical bond to form a ring, which can be exemplified by the following formula:

The expression that adjacent substituents can be optionally joined to form a ring is also intended to mean that two substituents bonded to carbon atoms which are directly bonded to each other are joined to each other via a chemical bond to form a ring, which can be exemplified by the following formula:

Furthermore, the expression that adjacent substituents can be optionally joined to form a ring is also intended to mean that, in the case where one of the two substituents bonded to carbon atoms which are directly bonded to each other represents hydrogen, the second substituent is bonded at a position at which the hydrogen atom is bonded, thereby forming a ring. This is exemplified by the following formula:

According to an embodiment of the present invention, a compound having Formula 1′ is disclosed:

wherein each of X and Y is independently selected from the group consisting of CR″R′″, NR′ O, S and Se;

wherein each of Z₁ and Z₂ is independently selected from the group consisting of O, S and Se;

wherein each of R, R′, R″ and R′″ is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, nitroso, nitro, acyl, carbonyl, a carboxylic acid group, an ester group, cyano, isocyano, SCN, OCN, SF₅, boranyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, phosphoroso, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted arylalkyl group having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylsilyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted arylsilyl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and combinations thereof;

wherein each R may be same or different, and at least one of R, R′, R″ and R′″ is a group having at least one electron-withdrawing group; and

wherein adjacent substituents can be optionally joined to form a ring or a fused structure.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, each of X and Y is independently selected from CR″R′″ or NR′, wherein R′, R″ and R′″ are groups having at least one electron-withdrawing group.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, each of X and Y is independently selected from CR″R′″ or NR′, and R, R′, R″ and R′″ are groups having at least one electron-withdrawing group.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, each of X and Y is independently selected from the group consisting of O, S and Se, and at least one of R groups is a group having at least one electron-withdrawing group.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, each of X and Y is independently selected from the group consisting of O, S and Se, and R groups are groups having at least one electron-withdrawing group.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the Hammett's constant of the electron-withdrawing group is ≥0.05, preferably ≥0.3, more preferably ≥0.5.

The electron-withdrawing group of the present invention has a Hammett's substituent constant value of ≥0.05, preferably ≥0.3, more preferably ≥0.5, and thus has a strong electron-withdrawing ability, which can significantly reduce the LUMO energy level of the compound and improve charge mobility.

It should be noted that the Hammett's substituent constant value includes Hammett's substituent para-position constant and/or meta-position constant. As long as one of the para-constant and the meta-constant is equal to or greater than 0.05, the group is preferred for the present invention.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the electron-withdrawing group is selected from the group consisting of halogen, nitroso, nitro, acyl, carbonyl, a carboxylic acid group, an ester group, cyano, isocyano, SCN, OCN, SF₅, boranyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, phosphoroso, an aza-aromatic ring group, and any one of an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms, a heteroalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an arylalkyl group having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryloxy group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a heteroaryl group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, an alkylsilyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, and an arylsilyl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, which is substituted with one or more of halogen, nitroso, nitro, acyl, carbonyl, a carboxylic acid group, an ester group, cyano, isocyano, SCN, OCN, SF₅, boranyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, phosphoroso, an aza-aromatic ring group, and combinations thereof.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the electron-withdrawing group is selected from the group consisting of F, CF₃, OCF₃, SF₅, SO₂CF₃, cyano, isocyano, SCN, OCN, pyrimidinyl, triazinyl, and combinations thereof.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, each of X and Y is independently selected from the group consisting of:

O, S, Se,

wherein R₁ is selected, at each occurrence, identically or differently, from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, nitroso, nitro, acyl, carbonyl, a carboxylic acid group, an ester group, cyano, isocyano, SCN, OCN, SF₅, boranyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, phosphoroso, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted arylalkyl group having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylsilyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted arylsilyl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and combinations thereof;

preferably, R₁ is selected, at each occurrence, identically or differently, from the group consisting of F, CF₃, OCF₃, SF₅, SO₂CF₃, cyano, isocyano, SCN, OCN, pentafluorophenyl, 4-cyanotetrafluorophenyl, tetrafluoropyridyl, pyrimidinyl, triazinyl, and combinations thereof;

wherein V and W are selected, at each occurrence, identically or differently, from the group consisting of CR_(v)R_(w), NR_(v), O, S and Se;

wherein Ar is selected, at each occurrence, identically or differently, from a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms;

wherein A, R_(a), R_(b), R_(c), R_(d), R_(e), R_(f), R_(g), R_(h), R_(v) and R_(w) are selected, at each occurrence, identically or differently, from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, nitroso, nitro, acyl, carbonyl, a carboxylic acid group, an ester group, cyano, isocyano, SCN, OCN, SF₅, boranyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, phosphoroso, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted arylalkyl group having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylsilyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted arylsilyl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and combinations thereof;

wherein A is a group having at least one electron-withdrawing group, and for any one of the structures, when one or more of R_(a), R_(b), R_(c), R_(d), R_(e), R_(f), R_(g), R_(h), R_(v) and R_(w) is(are) present, at least one of them is a group having at least one electron-withdrawing group; preferably, the group having at least one electron-withdrawing group is selected from the group consisting of F, CF₃, OCF₃, SF₅, SO₂CF₃, cyano, isocyano, SCN, OCN, pentafluorophenyl, 4-cyanotetrafluorophenyl, tetrafluoropyridyl, pyrimidinyl, triazinyl, and combinations thereof.

In the present embodiment, “*” indicates the position at which the X and Y groups are attached to the dehydrobenzodioxazole ring, the dehydrobenzodithiazole ring or the dehydrobenzodiselenazole ring in Formula 1′.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, each of X and Y is independently selected from the group consisting of:

O, S, Se,

In the present embodiment, “*” indicates the position at which the X and Y groups are attached to the dehydrobenzodioxazole ring, the dehydrobenzodithiazole ring or the dehydrobenzodiselenazole ring in Formula 1′.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, each of R groups is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, nitroso, nitro, acyl, carbonyl, a carboxylic acid group, an ester group, cyano, isocyano, SCN, OCN, SF₅, boranyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, phosphoroso, an unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms, an unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, an unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, an unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, and any one of an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms, an alkoxyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, and a heteroaryl group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms which are substituted with one or more groups selected from the group consisting of halogen, nitroso, nitro, acyl, carbonyl, a carboxylic acid group, an ester group, cyano, isocyano, SCN, OCN, SF₅, boranyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, phosphoroso, and combinations thereof.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, each of R groups is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, methyl, isopropyl, NO₂, SO₂CH₃, SCF₃, C₂F₅, OC₂F₅, OCH₃, p-methylphenyl, diphenylmethylsilyl, phenyl, methoxyphenyl, 2,6-diisopropylphenyl, biphenyl, polyfluorophenyl, difluoropyridyl, nitrophenyl, dimethylthiazolyl, vinyl substituted with one or more of CN and CF₃, ethynyl substituted with one of CN and CF₃, dimethylphosphoroso, diphenylphosphoroso, F, CF₃, OCF₃, SF₅, SO₂CF₃, cyano, isocyano, SCN, OCN, trifluoromethylphenyl, trifluoromethoxyphenyl, bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, bis(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl, 4-cyanotetrafluorophenyl, phenyl or biphenyl substituted with one or more of F, CN and CF₃, tetrafluoropyridyl, pyrimidinyl, triazinyl, diphenylboranyl, oxaboraanthryl, and combinations thereof.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein X and Y are

According to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein each of R groups is independently selected from the group consisting of:

In the present embodiment, “

” indicates the position at which the R group is attached to the dehydrobenzodioxazole ring, the dehydrobenzodithiazole ring or the dehydrobenzodiselenazole ring in Formula 1′.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the two R groups in Formula 1′ are the same.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the compound is selected from the group consisting of Compound 1 to Compound 1356. The specific structure of Compound 1 to Compound 1356 is set forth in claim 11.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, an electroluminescent device is also disclosed, which comprises:

an anode,

a cathode, and

an organic layer disposed between the anode and the cathode, wherein the organic layer comprises a compound having Formula 1:

wherein each of X and Y is independently selected from the group consisting of CR″R′″, NR′, O, S and Se;

wherein each of Z₁ and Z₂ is independently selected from the group consisting of O, S and Se;

wherein each of R, R′, R″ and R′″ is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, nitroso, nitro, acyl, carbonyl, a carboxylic acid group, an ester group, cyano, isocyano, SCN, OCN, SF₅, boranyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, phosphoroso, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted arylalkyl group having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylsilyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted arylsilyl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and combinations thereof;

wherein each R may be same or different, and at least one of R, R′, R″ and R′″ is a group having at least one electron-withdrawing group; and

wherein adjacent substituents can be optionally joined to form a ring or a fused structure.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the device, the organic layer is a hole injection layer, and the hole injection layer is formed from the compound alone.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the device, the organic layer is a hole injection layer, and the hole injection layer is formed from the compound comprising a dopant which comprises at least one hole transporting material; wherein the hole transporting material comprises a compound having a triarylamine unit, a spirobifluorene compound, a pentacene compound, an oligothiophene compound, an oligophenyl compound, an oligophenylene vinyl compound, an oligofluorene compound, a porphyrin complex or a metal phthalocyanine complex, and wherein the molar doping ratio of the compound to the hole transporting material is from 10000:1 to 1:10000.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the hole injection layer, the molar doping ratio of the compound to the hole transporting material is from 10:1 to 1:100.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the electroluminescent device comprises a plurality of stacks disposed between the anode and the cathode, wherein the stacks comprise a first light-emitting layer and a second light-emitting layer, wherein the first stack comprises a first light-emitting layer, and the second stack comprises a second light-emitting layer, and a charge generation layer is disposed between the first stack and the second stack, wherein the charge generation layer comprises a p-type charge generation layer and an n-type charge generation layer;

wherein the organic layer comprising the compound having Formula 1′ is the p-type charge generation layer; preferably, the p-type charge generation layer further comprises at least one hole transporting material and is formed by doping the compound with at least one hole transporting material, wherein the hole transporting material comprises a compound having a triarylamine unit, a spirobifluorene compound, a pentacene compound, an oligothiophene compound, an oligophenyl compound, an oligophenylene vinyl compound, an oligofluorene compound, a porphyrin complex or a metal phthalocyanine complex, wherein the molar doping ratio of the compound to the hole transporting material is from 10000:1 to 1:10000.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the p-type charge generation layer, the molar doping ratio of the compound to the hole transporting material is from 10:1 to 1:100.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the charge generation layer further includes a buffer layer disposed between the p-type charge generation layer and the n-type charge generation layer, wherein the buffer layer comprises the compound.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, a compound formulation is also disclosed, which comprises a compound represented by Formula 1. The specific structure of the compound is shown in any of the foregoing embodiments.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, a compound having Formula 1 is disclosed:

wherein

X₁, X₂, X₃, and X₄ are each independently selected from the group consisting of CR, and N; when X₁, X₂, X₃, and X₄ are each independently selected from CR, each R may be same or different, and at least one of R comprises at least one electron withdrawing group;

Z₁ and Z₂ are each independently selected from the group consisting of O, S, Se, S═O, and SO₂;

X and Y are each independently selected from the group consisting of S, Se, NR′, or CR″R′″;

R, R′, R″, and R′″ are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted arylalkyl group having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylsilyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted arylsilyl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group having 0 to 20 carbon atoms, an acyl group, a carbonyl group, a carboxylic acid group, an ester group, a nitrile group, an isonitrile group, a sulfanyl group, a sulfinyl group, a sulfonyl group, a phosphino group, and combinations thereof;

Any adjacent substitution can be optionally joined to form a ring or fused structure.

In one embodiment of the present invention, wherein Z₁ and Z₂ are S.

In one embodiment of the present invention, wherein X₂ and X₃ are N.

In one embodiment of the present invention, wherein X₂ and X₃ are each independently selected from CR, each R may be same or different, and at least one of R comprises at least one electron withdrawing group.

In one embodiment of the present invention, wherein X₂ and X₃ are each independently selected from CR, each R may be same or different, and each R comprises at least one electron withdrawing group.

In one embodiment of the present invention, wherein R are selected from the group consisting of fluorine, chlorine, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxyl, pentafluoroethyl, pentafluoroethoxyl, cyano, nitro group, methyl sulfonyl, trifluoromethyl sulfonyl, trifluoromethylthio, pentafluorosulfanyl, pyridyl, 3-fluorophenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 3-cyanophenyl, 4-cyanophenyl, 4-trifluoromethylphenyl, 3-trifluoromethoxylphenyl, 4-trifluoromethoxylphenyl, 4-pentafluoroethylphenyl, 4-pentafluoroethoxylphenyl, 4-nitrophenyl, 4-methyl sulfonyl phenyl, 4-trifluoromethyl sulfonyl phenyl, 3-trifluoromethylsulfanylphenyl, 4-trifluoromethylsulfanylphenyl, 4-pentafluorosulfanylphenyl, pyrimidyl, 2,6-dimethyl-1,3,5-triazine, and combinations thereof.

In one embodiment of the present invention, wherein X and Y are each independently CR″R′″.

In one embodiment of the present invention, wherein R′, R″, and R′″ are each independently selected from the group consisting of trifluoromethyl, cyano, pentafluorophenyl, 4-cyano-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl, and pyridyl.

In one embodiment of the present invention, wherein the compound has the formula:

In each formula above, each R can be same or different, at least one of R in each formula comprises at least one electron withdrawing group;

Z₁ and Z₂ are each independently selected from the group consisting of O, S, Se, S═O, and SO₂;

R, R′, R″, and R′″ are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted arylalkyl group having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylsilyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted arylsilyl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group having 0 to 20 carbon atoms, an acyl group, a carbonyl group, a carboxylic acid group, an ester group, a nitrile group, an isonitrile group, a sulfanyl group, a sulfinyl group, a sulfonyl group, a phosphino group, and combinations thereof;

Any adjacent substitution can be optionally joined to form a ring or fused structure.

In one embodiment of the present invention, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of:

In one embodiment of the present invention, an electroluminescent device is disclosed, which comprises:

an anode,

a cathode,

and an organic layer disposed between the anode and the cathode, wherein comprising a compound having Formula 1:

wherein

X₁, X₂, X₃, and X₄ are each independently selected from the group consisting of CR, and N; when X₁, X₂, X₃, and X₄ are each independently selected from CR, each R may be same or different, and at least one of R comprises at least one electron withdrawing group;

Z₁ and Z₂ are each independently selected from the group consisting of O, S, Se, S═O, and SO₂;

X and Y are each independently selected from the group consisting of S, Se, NR′, or CR″R′″;

R, R′, R″, and R′″ are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted arylalkyl group having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylsilyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted arylsilyl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group having 0 to 20 carbon atoms, an acyl group, a carbonyl group, a carboxylic acid group, an ester group, a nitrile group, an isonitrile group, a sulfanyl group, a sulfinyl group, a sulfonyl group, a phosphino group, and combinations thereof;

Any adjacent substitution can be optionally joined to form a ring or fused structure.

In one embodiment of the present invention, wherein the organic layer is a charge transporting layer.

In one embodiment of the present invention, wherein the organic layer is a hole injection layer.

In one embodiment of the present invention, wherein the organic layer is a charge transporting layer, and the organic layer further comprises an arylamine compound.

In one embodiment of the present invention, wherein the organic layer is a hole injection layer, and the organic layer further comprises an arylamine compound.

In one embodiment of the present invention, wherein the device further comprises a light emitting layer.

In yet another embodiment of the present invention, an organic light-emitting device is also disclosed. The organic light-emitting device comprises a plurality of stacks between an anode and a cathode is disclosed, the stacks comprise a first light-emitting layer and a second light-emitting layer, wherein the first stack comprises a first light-emitting layer, the second stack comprises a second light-emitting layer, and a charge generation layer is disposed between the first stack and the second stack, wherein the charge generation layer comprises a p type charge generation layer and an n type charge generation layer, wherein the p type charge generation layer comprises a compound according to Formula 1:

wherein

X₁, X₂, X₃, and X₄ are each independently selected from the group consisting of CR, and N; when X₁, X₂, X₃, and X₄ are each independently selected from CR, each R may be same or different, and at least one of R comprises at least one electron withdrawing group;

Z₁ and Z₂ are each independently selected from the group consisting of O, S, Se, S═O, and SO₂;

X and Y are each independently selected from the group consisting of S, Se, NR′, or CR″R′″;

R, R′, R″, and R′″ are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted arylalkyl group having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylsilyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted arylsilyl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group having 0 to 20 carbon atoms, an acyl group, a carbonyl group, a carboxylic acid group, an ester group, a nitrile group, an isonitrile group, a sulfanyl group, a sulfinyl group, a sulfonyl group, a phosphino group, and combinations thereof;

Any adjacent substitution can be optionally joined to form a ring or fused structure.

Combination with Other Materials

The materials described herein as useful for a particular layer in an organic light emitting device may be used in combination with a wide variety of other materials present in the device. The combinations of these materials are described in more detail in U.S. Pat. App. No. 20160359122 at paragraphs 0132-0161, which are incorporated by reference in its entirety. The materials described or referred to the disclosure are non-limiting examples of materials that may be useful in combination with the compounds disclosed herein, and one of skill in the art can readily consult the literature to identify other materials that may be useful in combination.

The materials described herein as useful for a particular layer in an organic light emitting device may be used in combination with a variety of other materials present in the device. For example, materials disclosed herein may be used in combination with a wide variety of emitters, hosts, transport layers, blocking layers, injection layers, electrodes and other layers that may be present. The combination of these materials is described in detail in paragraphs 0080-0101 of U.S. Pat. App. No. 20150349273, which are incorporated by reference in its entirety. The materials described or referred to the disclosure are non-limiting examples of materials that may be useful in combination with the compounds disclosed herein, and one of skill in the art can readily consult the literature to identify other materials that may be useful in combination.

In the embodiments of material synthesis, all reactions were performed under nitrogen protection unless otherwise stated. All reaction solvents were anhydrous and used as received from commercial sources. Synthetic products were structurally confirmed and tested for properties using one or more conventional equipment in the art (including, but not limited to, nuclear magnetic resonance instrument produced by BRUKER, liquid chromatograph produced by SHIMADZU, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer produced by SHIMADZU, gas chromatography-mass spectrometer produced by SHIMADZU, differential Scanning calorimeters produced by SHIMADZU, fluorescence spectrophotometer produced by SHANGHAI LENGGUANG TECH., electrochemical workstation produced by WUHAN CORRTEST, and sublimation apparatus produced by ANHUI BEQ, etc.) by methods well known to the persons skilled in the art. In the embodiments of the device, the characteristics of the device were also tested using conventional equipment in the art (including, but not limited to, evaporator produced by ANGSTROM ENGINEERING, optical testing system produced by SUZHOU FATAR, life testing system produced by SUZHOU FATAR, and ellipsometer produced by BEIJING ELLITOP, etc.) by methods well known to the persons skilled in the art. As the persons skilled in the art are aware of the above-mentioned equipment use, test methods and other related contents, the inherent data of the sample can be obtained with certainty and without influence, so the above related contents are not further described in this patent.

SYNTHESIS EXAMPLES

The method for preparing the compounds of the present invention is not limited. The following compounds are exemplified as a typical but non-limiting example, and the synthesis route and preparation method are as follows:

Synthesis Example 1: Synthesis of S-1

Step 1: Synthesis of S-1-1

To a solution of 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoroterephthalaldehyde (15.6 g, 75.7 mmol) and triethylamine (42 mL, 303 mmol) in ethanol (300 mL) was added methyl 2-mercaptoacetate (14 mL, 159 mmol) dropwise at room temperature, then stirred at 60° C. for 12 hours. The solution was cooled to room temperature and filtered, the solid was washed with small amount of ethanol to obtain intermediate S-1-1 as yellow solid (20 g, 77% yield).

Step 2: Synthesis of S-1-2

To a suspension of dimethyl 4,8-difluorobenzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-2,6-dicarboxylate (20 g, 58.5 mmol) in THF (200 mL) was added aqueous lithium hydroxide (234 mL, 1N), then stirred at 75° C. for 12 hours. The solution was cooled to room temperature and HCl (500 mL, 2 N) was added, the solid was collected by filtration and washed with small amount of water, vacuum dried to obtain intermediate S-1-2 as yellow solid (19 g, 99% yield).

Step 3: Synthesis of S-1-3

To a suspension of 4,8-difluorobenzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (20 g, 58.5 mmol) in quinoline (100 mL) was added copper powder (750 mg, 11.7 mmol), then stirred at 260° C. for 3 hours. The solution was cooled to room temperature and added HCl (500 mL, 3N), the mixture was extracted with EA (200 mL*3), organic phase was combined and washed with HCl (300 mL, 3N) and brine successively and dried using magnesium sulfate. A column-chromatography was performed onto the resultant and then recrystallized from n-hexane and DCM to obtain intermediate S-1-3 as white solid (6 g, 45% yield).

Step 4: Synthesis of S-1-4

To a solution of 4,8-difluorobenzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene (3 g, 13.27 mmol) in THF (130 mL) was n-BuLi (16 mL, 2.5 M) dropwise at −78° C. with stirring, after 1 hour at the same temperature, the reaction temperature was risen to room temperature slowly and stayed at room temperature for 10 minutes. Then the reaction was cooled back to −78° C. with cooling bath and kept for 30 minutes. A solution of iodine (10 g, 39.8 mmol) in THF (20 mL) was added, the cooling bath was removed and stirred overnight. The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous ammonia chloride (100 mL), the aqueous layer was extracted with DCM (100 mL×3), the organic phase was combined and washed with aqueous sodium thiosulfate (100 mL, 1N) and brine successively and dried using magnesium sulfate. Removed of solvent and recrystallized from DCM to obtain intermediate S-1-4 as white solid (5.3 g, 90% yield).

Step 5: Synthesis of S-1-5

To a solution of malononitrile (1.84 g, 29.5 mmol) in THF (100 mL) was added NaH (2.33 g, 59 mmol) carefully at 0° C. with stirring. After 0.5 hour at the same temperature, 4,8-difluoro-2,6-diiodobenzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene (5.3 g, 11.7 mmol) and Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (645 mg, 0.59 mmol) was added with bubbling of nitrogen. After 20 minutes, the mixture was heated at 75° C. for 12 hours. The solvent was removed and HCl (100 mL, 2 N) was added, the yellow precipitates was collected by filtration and washed with small amount of water, ethanol and PE, vacuum dried to obtain intermediate S-1-5 as yellow solid (3.4 g, 86% yield).

Step 6: Synthesis of S-1

To a suspension of 2,2′-(4,8-difluorobenzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-2,6-diyl)dimalononitrile (3.4 g, 9 mmol) in DCM (100 mL) was added [Bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodo]benzene (PIFA, 4.3 g, 9.9 mmol), then stirred for 12 hours at room temperature. The volume of solvent was reduced to approximate 50 mL by vacuum evaporation and the residue mixture was cooled to 0° C., the dark precipitates were collected by filtration and washed with DCM to obtain Compound S-1 as black solid (2.1 g, 65% yield). Further purification was carried out by vacuum sublimation. The product was confirmed as the target product, with a molecular weight of 352.

Synthesis Example 2: Synthesis of S-44

Step 1: Synthesis of S-44-1

In a 500 mL three-necked round-bottomed flask benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-4,8-diylbis(trifluoromethanesulfonate) (13 g, 27 mmol) and (4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)boronic acid (13.9 g, 67.5 mmol) were dissolved in THF (200 mL). Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (1.55 g, 1.35 mmol) and sodium carbonate solution (135 mL, 1M) were added to the reaction mixture. The reaction mixture was heated at 75° C. for 12 hours. Water was added to the reaction mixture followed by extraction with DCM and washed with brine. The combined organic layers were concentrated. The crude product was purified by column-chromatography to obtain S-44-1 as white solid (11 g, 80% yield).

Step 2: Synthesis of S-44-2

The procedure of the synthesis of S-44-2 was repeated as the synthesis of S-1-4 except for using S-44-1 in place of S-1-3. S-44-2 was obtained as white solid (7.3 g, 80% yield).

Step 3: Synthesis of S-44-3

The procedure of the synthesis of S-44-3 was repeated as the synthesis of S-1-5 except for using S-44-2 in place of S-1-4. S-44-3 was obtained as yellow solid (3.6 g, 60% yield).

Step 4: Synthesis of S-44

The procedure of the synthesis of S-44 was repeated as the synthesis of S-1 except for using S-44-3 in place of S-1-5. S-44 was obtained as violet solid (1.7 g, 45% yield). The product was confirmed as the target product, with a molecular weight of 637.

Synthesis Example 3: Synthesis of S-26

Step 1: Synthesis of S-26-1

The procedure of the synthesis of S-26-1 was repeated as the synthesis of S-44-1 except for using (3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)boronic acid in place of (4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)boronic acid. S-26-1 was obtained as white solid (10 g, 60% yield).

Step 2: Synthesis of S-26-2

The procedure of the synthesis of S-26-2 was repeated as the synthesis of S-1-4 except for using S-26-1 in place of S-1-3. S-26-2 was obtained as white solid (6.8 g, 80% yield).

Step 3: Synthesis of S-26-3

The procedure of the synthesis of S-26-3 was repeated as the synthesis of S-1-5 except for using S-26-2 in place of S-1-4. S-26-3 was obtained as yellow solid (3.2 g, 60% yield).

Step 4: Synthesis of S-26

The procedure of the synthesis of S-26 was repeated as the synthesis of S-1 except for using S-26-3 in place of S-1-5. S-26 was obtained as violet solid (1.3 g, 47% yield). The product was confirmed as the target product, with a molecular weight of 576.

The persons skilled in the art should know that the above preparation method is only an illustrative example, and the persons skilled in the art can obtain the structure of other compounds of the present invention by modifying the above preparation method.

Synthesis Comparative Example 1: Synthesis of A-1

Step 1: Synthesis of A-1-1

The procedure of the synthesis of A-1-1 was repeated as the synthesis of S-1-4 except for using benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene and carbon tetrabromide in place of S-1-3 and iodine respectively. A-1-1 was obtained as light yellow solid (3.2 g, 80% yield).

Step 2: Synthesis of A-1-2

The procedure of the synthesis of A-1-2 was repeated as the synthesis of S-1-5 except for using A-1-1 in place of S-1-4. A-1-2 was obtained as yellow solid (2.8 g, 97% yield).

Step 3: Synthesis of A-1

The procedure of the synthesis of A-1 was repeated as the synthesis of S-1 except for using A-1-2 in place of S-1-5. A-1 was obtained as black solid (2.1 g, 75% yield). The product was confirmed as the target product, with a molecular weight of 316.

The above synthesized compounds of the present invention all can keep stable during sublimation, proving that they are suitable for the vacuum deposition fabrication of OLED. Otherwise, the comparative compound A-1 degrades during sublimation, proving that it is not suitable for the vacuum deposition fabrication of OLED. And also, the solubility of comparative compound A-1 in organic solvents is very low, so it is also not suitable for the printing fabrication of OLED.

These above synthesized compounds of the present invention are more electron deficient than the comparative compound A-1. Measuring with Cyclic voltammetry test, the LUMO of compound S-1 and S-44 are −4.74 eV and −4.67 eV, respectively, while which of comparative compound A-1 is only −4.30 eV, and the difference is more than 0.3 eV. This suggests that compound S-1 and S-44 are more easily to reduce than comparative compound A-1, more effectively to obtain p type conductive doped triarylamine compounds in HIL and/or HTL, and can improve performance of OLED, for example, longer device lifetime, higher efficiency and/or lower voltage. And this proves that the compounds having Formula 1, one feature of which is having electron withdrawing group at the X₁ and X₄ position of the five-membered ring and/or X₂ and X₃ position of the six-membered ring, can effectively improve the electron deficiency of the molecules, reduce LUMO, match with HOMO of triarylamine compounds, and form p-type conduction of HIL and/or HTL. The compound of Formula 1 can obtain similar effects when the five-membered ring and/or six-membered ring of Formula 1 are aza-heterocycles, for the electron withdrawing effects of the nitrogen on the heterocycles.

DEVICE EXAMPLES Example 1

A glass substrate with 120 nm thick of ITO transparent electrode was subjected to oxygen plasma and UV ozone treatment. The cleaned glass substrate was dried on a hotplate in a glovebox before deposition. The following materials were deposited onto the surface of the glass at the rate of 0.02-0.2 nm/s under the pressure of 10⁻⁸ torr. First, Compound HI was deposited onto the surface of the glass to form a 10 nm-thick film as a hole-injecting layer (HIL). Subsequently, Compound HT and Compound S-1 (weight ratio 97:3) was codeposited onto on the above obtained film to form a 20 nm-thick film which served as the first hole-transporting layer (HTL1). Further, Compound HT was deposited onto on the above obtained film to form a 20 nm-thick film which served as the second hole-transporting layer (HTL2). Further, Compound H1, Compound H2 and Compound GD (weight ratio 45:45:10) was codeposited onto on the above obtained film to form a 40 nm-thick film which served as the emitting layer (EML). Further, Compound H2 was deposited onto on the above obtained film to form a 10 nm-thick film which served as the hole-blocking layer (HBL). Then, 8-Hydroxyquinolinolato-lithium (Liq) and Compound ET (weight ratio 60:40) was codeposited onto on the above obtained film to form a 35 nm-thick film which served as the electron-transporting layer (ETL). Finally, Liq was deposited to form a 1 nm-thick film which served as the electron-injecting layer (EIL) and 120 nm-thick of Al was deposited to form the cathode.

Example 2 was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that Compound HT and Compound S-1 with a weight ratio of 91:9 (10 nm) was used as the HIL and Compound HT and Compound S-1 with a weight ratio of 91:9 (20 nm) was used as the HTL1.

Example 3 was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that in the HTL1, Compound HT and Compound S-44 with a weight ratio 97:3 was used.

Example 4 was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 2, except that Compound HT and Compound S-44 with a weight ratio of 97:3 (10 nm) was used as the HIL, and Compound HT and Compound S-44 with a weight ratio of 97:3 (20 nm) was used as the HTL1.

Comparative Example 1 was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that Compound HT (20 nm) was used in the HTL1.

The partial structures of devices are shown in Table 1:

TABLE 1 Device ID HIL (10 nm) HTL1 (20 nm) HTL2 (20 nm) Example 1 HI HT: S-1 (97:3) HT Example 2 HT: S-1 (91:9) HT: S-1 (91:9) Example 3 HI HT: S-44 (97:3) Example 4 HT: S-44 (97:3) HT: S-44 (97:3) Comparative HI HT Example 1

Structure of the materials used in the devices are shown as below:

The devices were evaluated by measuring the External Quantum Efficiency (EQE), current efficiency (CE) and CIE at 1000 cd/m² and LT97 from an initial luminance of 21750 cd/m². The results obtained are shown in Table 2.

TABLE 2 Device ID EQE (%) CE (cd/A) CIE (x, y) LT97 (h) Example 1 19.37 66.09 0.435 0.553 196 Example 2 20.17 69.27 0.427 0.560 202 Example 3 20.71 70.79 0.437 0.552 264 Example 4 27.18 90.35 0.438 0.550 171 Comparative 22.06 75.25 0.439 0.549 174 Example 1

Discussion:

As shown in Table 2, Device Example 1 using Compound S-1 as a dopant in the HTL1 has better lifetime than Comparative Example 1 using only representative HTL material of the art (196 h vs 174 h). Device Example 2 using Compound S-1 as a dopant in both the HIL and HTL1 has a better lifetime than Comparative Example 1 using only representative HIL, HTL materials of the art (202 h vs 174 h). Device Example 3 using Compound S-44 as a dopant in the HTL1 has much better lifetime than Comparative Example 1 using only representative HTL material of the art (264 h vs 174 h). Remarkably, Device Example 4 using Compound S-44 as a dopant in both the HIL and HTL1 has a much higher efficiency than Comparative Example 1 using only representative HIL, HTL materials of the art (27.18% vs 22.06%, 90.35 cd/A vs 75.25 cd/A), while maintaining a similar lifetime as Comparative Example 1 (171 h vs 174 h). The result conclusively proves that compounds of Formula 1 in the present invention can offer similar or even better performance of devices than the representative materials of the art, especially in terms of device lifetime and/or efficiency, when used in the HIL or HTL layers.

Additional Material Synthesis Examples

Without intending to limit the method for preparing the compounds of the present invention, the following compounds are exemplified as a typical but non-limiting example, and the synthesis route and preparation method are as follows:

Synthesis Example 4: Synthesis of Compound 56

Step 1: Synthesis of [Intermediate 1-a]

To a 500 mL three-necked flask, DMSO (150 mL) was added, and nitrogen was bubbled for half an hour. HC(OEt)₃ (22.2 g, 150 mmol) and Y(OTf)₃ (2.15 g, 4 mmol) were added successively and further bubbled for 5 minutes. 2,5-diamino-3,6-dibromobenzene-1,4-diol (8.94 g, 30 mmol) was added and the mixture was warmed to 60° C. After 20 minutes, the solution turned brown or khaki and stirred overnight. After completion of the reaction, DCM/PE (1:1, 500 mL) was added. A solid was collected by filtration and it was washed with acetone and filtered to obtain 1-a as an off-white solid (7.2 g, 75% yield). ¹HNMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO) δ=9.03 (s, 2H).

Step 2: Synthesis of [Intermediate 1-b]

To a 250 mL two-necked flask, dioxane (50 mL) was added, and nitrogen was bubbled for 15 minutes. Pd(OAc)₂ (225 mg, 10 mol %, 1.0 mmol) and XPhos (1.0 g, 2.1 mmol) were added under stirring. After stirring for 10 minutes, 1-a (3.18 g, 10 mmol), p-trifluoromethoxyphenylboronic acid (8.24 g, 40 mmol), and potassium carbonate (8.34 g, 60 mmol) were added successively. The reaction was warmed to 110° C., refluxed, and stirred overnight under nitrogen atmosphere. After completion, the reaction mixture was cooled, filtered through celite, washed with dichloromethane, and isolated via silica gel column chromatography to obtain 1-b as a white solid (4.36 g, 91% yield). ¹HNMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO) δ=9.00 (s, 2H), 8.33 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 4H), 7.63 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 4H).

Step 3: Synthesis of [Intermediate 1-c]

Under nitrogen atmosphere, Intermediate 1-b (4.36 g, 9.1 mmol) was added to THF (114 mL, 0.08 M). The mixture was cooled to −94° C. (in an acetone/liquid nitrogen cooling bath). n-Butyllithium (13.8 mL, 20.93 mmol, 1.6 M in n-hexane) was slowly added dropwise. The reaction was held at this temperature for 1 h, then slowly warmed to −78° C. (in an acetone/dry ice cooling bath) and reacted for 8 h. A solution of elemental iodine (6.93 g, 27.3 mmol) in THF (15 mL) was added. After the addition, the mixture was slowly warmed to room temperature and reacted overnight. The reaction was quenched with a small amount of saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution, and celite was directly added. The mixture was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE:DCM 3:1-1:1) to obtain product 1-c as a white solid (4.0 g, 60% yield). ¹HNMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO) δ=8.16 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 4H), 7.62 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 4H).

Step 4: Synthesis of [Intermediate 1-d]

Under nitrogen atmosphere, malononitrile (2.78 g, 42 mmol) was added to anhydrous DMF (70 mL). NaH (1.67 g, 42 mmol, 60% content) was added in portions at 0° C. The mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 10 minutes and at room temperature for 20 minutes. 1-c (5.08 g, 7 mmol) and Pd(PPh₄)₃ (1.62 g, 1.4 mmol) were then added, and the mixture was warmed to 90° C. and reacted for 24-36 h. After completion of the conversion, the reaction mixture was poured into ice water, and the pH was adjusted to <1 with 4 N diluted hydrochloric acid. After stirring well, a large amount of yellow solid was precipitated. The mixture was filtered to collect a solid. The solid was washed with dichloromethane to give 4.38 g of yellow solid. The solid was then washed twice with dichloromethane and filtered to obtain 1-d as a yellow solid (4.2 g, 98% yield). ¹HNMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO) δ=8.08 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 4H), 7.56 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 4H).

Step 5: Synthesis of Compound 56

Under nitrogen atmosphere, 1-d (3.04 g, 5 mmol) was added to DCM (150 mL). The mixture was cooled to 0° C., and PIFA (6.45 g, 15 mmol) was added in portions. After stirring at room temperature for 3 days, the solution was purple-black. n-Hexane (450 mL) was added to the reaction solution, and the mixture was stirred for 10 minutes and then filtered to give a dark green solid. The solid was washed twice with DCM/PE (2:1-1:1) to give Compound 56 as a dark green solid (2.5 g, 83% yield). ¹HNMR (400 MHz, d₆-acetone) δ=8.30 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 4H), 7.73 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 4H).

Synthesis Example 5: Synthesis of Compound 68

Step 1: Synthesis of [Intermediate 2-a]

To a 250 mL two-necked flask, dioxane (80 mL) was added, and nitrogen was bubbled for 15 minutes. Pd(OAc)₂ (360 mg, 1.6 mmol) and XPhos (1.53 g, 3.2 mmol) were added with stirring. After stirring for 10 minutes, 1-a (4.1 g, 13 mmol), 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenylboronic acid (14.0 g, 54 mmol) and cesium fluoride (9.12 g, 60 mmol) were added successively. The mixture was warmed to 110° C., refluxed, and stirred overnight under nitrogen atmosphere. After completion of the reaction, the mixture was cooled, filtered through celite, washed with dichloromethane, and isolated via silica gel column chromatography to obtain 2-a as a white solid (6.7 g, 88% yield). ¹HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ=8.87 (s, 4H), 8.41 (s, 2H), 8.00 (s, 2H).

Step 2: Synthesis of [Intermediate 2-b]

Under nitrogen atmosphere, 2-a (6.2 g, 10.6 mmol) was added to THF (212 mL, 0.05 M). The mixture was cooled to −94° C. (in an acetone/liquid nitrogen cooling bath). n-Butyllithium (15.2 mL, 24.4 mmol, 1.6 M in n-hexane) was slowly added dropwise. The reaction was held at this temperature for 1 h, then slowly warmed to −78° C. (in an acetone/dry ice cooling bath) and reacted for 8 h. A solution of elemental iodine (8.07 g, 31.8 mmol) in THF (20 mL) was added. After the addition, the reaction was slowly warmed to room temperature and reacted overnight. The reaction was quenched with a small amount of saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution, and celite was directly added. The mixture was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE:DCM 6:1-2:1) to obtain product 2-b as a white solid (4.7 g, 53% yield). ¹HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ=8.69 (s, 4H), 8.01 (s, 2H).

Step 3: Synthesis of [Intermediate 2-c]

Under nitrogen atmosphere, malononitrile (1.56 g, 23.7 mmol) was added to anhydrous DMF (55 mL, 0.1 M). NaH (948 mg, 23.7 mmol, 60% content) was added in portions at 0° C. The mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 10 minutes and at room temperature for 20 minutes. 2-b (3.3 g, 3.95 mmol) and Pd(PPh₄)₃ (456 mg, 0.39 mmol) were then added, and the mixture was warmed to 90° C. and reacted for 24-36 h. After completion of the conversion, the reaction mixture was poured into ice water, and the pH was adjusted to <1 with 4 N diluted hydrochloric acid. After stirring well, a large amount of yellow solid was precipitated. The mixture was filtered to collect a solid. The solid was washed with dichloromethane to give 2.98 g of yellow solid. The solid was then washed twice with solvent (DCM/PE=2:1, 200 mL) and filtered to obtain 2-c as a yellow solid (2.81 g, 99% yield). ¹HNMR (400 MHz, d₆-acetone) δ=8.57 (s, 4H), 8.33 (s, 2H).

Step 4: Synthesis of Compound 68

Under nitrogen atmosphere, 2-c (2.85 g, 4.0 mmol) was divided into 3 portions (0.95 g/portion), and placed in three two-necked flasks, and DCM (200 mL) was added, respectively. Cooled to 0° C., and then PIFA (1.73 g, 4.0 mmol) was added in portions. After stirring at room temperature for 3 days, the solution was purple-black. Then, the solution in the three flasks was collected into a 1 L single-necked flask and the solution was evaporated by rotary evaporation to about 50 mL. n-Hexane (450 mL) was added therein, and the mixture was stirred for 10 minutes and then filtered to give a dark green solid. The solid was washed twice with DCM/PE (2:1, 200 mL) to give Compound 68 as a dark green solid (2.4 g, 85% yield). ¹HNMR (400 MHz, d₆-acetone) δ=8.86 (s, 4H), 8.37 (s, 2H).

Synthesis Example 6: Synthesis of Compound 70

Step 1: Synthesis of [Intermediate 4-a]

In a 250 mL two-necked flask, dioxane (80 mL) was added, and nitrogen was bubbled for 15 minutes. Pd(OAc)₂ (360 mg, 1.6 mmol) and XPhos (1.53 g, 3.2 mmol) were added under stirring. After stirring for 10 minutes, 1-a (4.1 g, 13 mmol), 2,4-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenylboronic acid (14.0 g, 54 mmol) and cesium fluoride (9.12 g, 60 mmol) were added successively. The reaction was warmed to 110° C., refluxed, and stirred overnight under nitrogen. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was cooled, filtered through celite, washed with dichloromethane, and isolated via silica gel column chromatography to obtain 4-a as a white solid (6.83 g, 90% yield). ¹HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ=8.19 (s, 2H), 8.12 (s, 2H), 8.02 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.77 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H).

Step 2: Synthesis of [Intermediate 4-b]

Under nitrogen atmosphere, 4-a (6.4 g, 11 mmol) was added to THF (150 mL). The mixture was cooled to −94° C. (in an acetone/liquid nitrogen cooling bath). n-Butyllithium (15.8 mL, 25.3 mmol, 1.6 M in n-hexane) was slowly added dropwise. The reaction was held at this temperature for 1 h, then slowly warmed to −78° C. (in an acetone/dry ice cooling bath) and reacted for 8 h. A solution of elemental iodine (8.4 g, 33 mmol) in THF (20 mL) was added. After the addition, the reaction was slowly warmed to room temperature and reacted overnight. The reaction was quenched with a small amount of saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution, and celite was directly added. The mixture was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE:DCM 10: 1-2:1) to obtain product 4-b as a white solid (6.89 g, 75% yield). ¹HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ=8.16 (s, 2H), 8.01 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.73 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 2H).

Step 3: Synthesis of [Intermediate 4-c]

Under nitrogen atmosphere, malononitrile (2.14 g, 32 mmol) was added to anhydrous DMF (60 mL). NaH (1.40 g, 35 mmol, 60% content) was added in portions at 0° C. The mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 10 minutes and at room temperature for 20 minutes. 4-b (4.51 g, 5.4 mmol) and Pd(PPh₄)₃ (1.15 g, 1.0 mmol) were then added, and the mixture was warmed to 90° C. and reacted for 24-36 h. After the completion of the conversion, the reaction mixture was poured into ice water, and the pH was adjusted to <1 with 4 N diluted hydrochloric acid. After stirring well, a large amount of yellow solid was precipitated. The mixture was filtered to collect a solid. The solid was washed with dichloromethane to give 2.98 g of yellow solid. The solid was then washed twice with dichloromethane and filtered to obtain 4-c as a yellow solid (2.92 g, 76% yield). ¹HNMR (400 MHz, d₆-acetone) δ=8.35 (m, 4H), 8.16 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 2H).

Step 4: Synthesis of Compound 70

Under nitrogen atmosphere, 4-c (2.92 g, 4.1 mmol) was divided into 3 portions (1 g/portion), and placed in three two-necked flasks, and DCM (100 mL) was added, respectively. Cooled to 0° C., and then PIFA (1.8 g, 4.2 mmol) was added in portions. After stirred at room temperature for 3 days, the solution was purple-black. Then, the solution in the three flasks was collected into a 1 L single-necked flask and the solution was concentrated to about 50 mL. n-Hexane (450 mL) was added therein, and the mixture was stirred for 10 minutes and then filtered to give a purple solid. The solid was washed twice with DCM/PE (2:1, 200 mL) to give Compound 70 as a purple solid (2.0 g, 70% yield). ¹HNMR (400 MHz, CD₂Cl₂) δ=8.22 (s, 2H), 8.11 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.75 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H).

Synthesis Example 7: Synthesis of Compound 101

Step 1: Synthesis of [Intermediate 5-a]:

In a 500 mL two-necked flask, distilled water (50 mL), 1,4-phenylenediamine (17.0 g, 157 mmol) and hydrochloric acid (30.7 mL, 125 mmol) were added. The mixture was warmed to 50° C., and NH₄SCN (48.4 g, 636 mmol) was added. The mixture was further warmed to 95° C., and stirred for 24 h. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was cooled, filtered, and washed with ethanol to obtain Compound 5-a as a gray solid (31.5 g, 90% yield). ¹HNMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO) δ=9.69 (s, 2H), 7.32 (s, 4H).

Step 2: Synthesis of [Intermediate 5-b]:

To a 500 mL three-necked flask, Compound 5-a (15 g, 66.5 mmol) and chloroform (100 mL) were sequentially added. The mixture was warmed to 50° C., and a solution of bromine (8 mL, 309 mmol) in chloroform (100 mL) was added dropwise very slowly. After the addition, the mixture was refluxed for 24-36 h. After completion of the reaction, it was cooled to 0° C. and filtered. The filter cake was washed three times with chloroform. A solid was collected, washed with saturated sodium thiosulfate solution, and filtered. A solid was collected, washed with methanol and dichloromethane separately, and then filtered to obtain 5-b as a brown solid (12.5 g, 83% yield). ¹HNMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO) δ=8.56 (bs, 4H), 7.83 (s, 2H).

Step 3: Synthesis of [Intermediate 5-c]:

To a 1 L three-necked flask, acetonitrile (500 mL) was added, and nitrogen was bubbled for 20 minutes. Compound 5-b (11 g, 50 mmol), iodine (76 g, 300 mmol) and tBuONO (20.6 g, 200 mmol) were then sequentially added. The mixture was reacted at 70° C. for 24 h. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was cooled, and evaporated under reduced pressure to remove acetonitrile. 200 mL of dichloromethane was then added. The mixture was filtered and washed with petroleum ether to obtain 5-c as a brick red solid (11 g, 50% yield). ¹HNMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO) δ=8.74 (s, 2H).

Step 4: Synthesis of [Intermediate 5-d]:

Under nitrogen atmosphere, malononitrile (5.35 g, 81 mmol) was added to anhydrous DMF (135 mL). NaH (3.24 g, 81 mmol, 60% content) was added in portions at 0° C. The mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 10 minutes and at room temperature for 20 minutes. Compound 5-c (6.08 g, 13.5 mmol) and Pd(PPh₄)₃ (3.12 g, 2.7 mmol) were then added, and the mixture was warmed to 90° C. and reacted for 24-36 h. After the completion of the conversion, the reaction mixture was poured into ice water, and the pH was adjusted to <1 with 4 N diluted hydrochloric acid. After stirring well, a large amount of brown solid was precipitated. The mixture was filtered to collect a solid. The solid was washed with dichloromethane to give a brown solid (4.2 g). The solid was then washed twice with dichloromethane and filtered to obtain 5-d as a brown solid (4.02 g, 93% yield). LCMS(ESI): m/z 319 [M-H]⁻.

Step 5: Synthesis of Compound 101:

Under nitrogen atmosphere, the compound (3.20 g, 10 mmol) was added to DCM (1 L). The mixture was cooled to 0° C., and PIFA (12.9 g, 30 mmol) was added in portions. After stirring at room temperature for 3 days, the solution was purple-black. After completion of the reaction, the solution was evaporated by rotary evaporation to about 100 mL. n-Hexane (450 mL) was then added to the reaction solution, and the mixture was stirred for 10 minutes and filtered to give a purple-black solid. The solid was washed twice with dichloromethane to give Compound 101 as a purple-black solid (3.0 g, 94% yield). LCMS(ESI): m/z 317 [M-H]⁻.

The persons skilled in the art should know that the above preparation method is only an illustrative example, and the persons skilled in the art can obtain the structure of other compounds of the present invention by modifying the above preparation method.

ADDITIONAL DEVICE EXAMPLES Device Example 5 Device Example 5.1

A glass substrate with a 80 nm-thick indium tin oxide (ITO) transparent electrode was subjected to oxygen plasma and UV ozone treatment. The cleaned glass substrate was dried on a hotplate in a glovebox before deposition. The following materials were deposited in sequence onto the surface of the glass at the rate of 0.02-0.2 angstrom/s under the vacuum of around 10⁻⁸ torr. First, Compound 56 of the present invention was deposited onto the surface of the glass substrate to form a 10 nm-thick film which served as a hole injection layer (HIL). Next, Compound HT1 was deposited on the above obtained film to form a 120 nm-thick film which served as a hole transporting layer (HTL). Next, Compound EB1 was deposited on the above obtained film to form a 5 nm-thick film which served as an electron blocking layer (EBL). Next, Compound BH and Compound BD (in a weight ratio of 96:4) were co-deposited on the above obtained film to form a 25 nm-thick film which served as an emitting layer (EML). Next, Compound HB1 was deposited on the above obtained film to form a 5 nm-thick film which served as a hole blocking layer (HBL). Then, 8-hydroxyquinolinolato-lithium (Liq) and Compound ET1 (in a weight ratio of 60:40) were co-deposited on the above obtained film to form a 30 nm-thick film which served as an electron transporting layer (ETL). Finally, Liq was deposited to form a 1 nm-thick film which served as an electron injection layer (EIL) and 120 nm-thick of Al was deposited to form a cathode. The device was then transferred back to the glove box and encapsulated with a glass lid and a moisture absorbent to complete the device.

Device Example 5.2

Device Example 5.2 was fabricated in the same manner as in Device Example 5.1, except that Compound 68 was used instead of Compound 56 to serve as an HIL.

Device Example 5.3

Device Example 5.3 was fabricated in the same manner as in Device Example 5.1, except that Compound 70 was used instead of Compound 56 to serve as an HIL.

Device Example 5.4

Device Example 5.4 was fabricated in the same manner as in Device Example 5.3, except that Compound 70 was used to form a 5 nm-thick film to serve as an HIL.

Device Example 5.5

Device Example 5.5 was fabricated in the same manner as in Device Example 5.3, except that Compound 70 was used to form a 2 nm-thick film to serve as an HIL.

Device Example 5.6

Device Example 5.6 was fabricated in the same manner as in Device Example 5.3, except that Compound HT2 was used instead of Compound HT1 to serve as an HTL.

Device Example 5.7

Device Example 5.7 was fabricated in the same manner as in Device Example 5.6, except that Compound 70 was used to form a 2 nm-thick film to serve as an HIL.

Device Example 5.8

Device Example 5.8 was fabricated in the same manner as in Device Example 5.6, except that Compound 70 was used to form a 1 nm-thick film to serve as an HIL.

Device Comparative Example 5.1

Device Comparative Example 5.1 was fabricated in the same manner as in Device Example 5.6, except that Compound 70 was not used and there was no hole injection layer.

Detailed layer structure and thickness of the devices are shown in the table below. Layers in which more than one material is used are obtained by doping different compounds in the weight ratio as described therein.

TABLE 3 Device Structures of Device Examples and Comparative Example Device ID HIL HTL EBL EML HBL ETL Device Compound Compound Compound Compound Compound Compound Example 5.1 56 (10 nm) HT1 EB1 (5 nm) BH:Compound HB1 (5 nm) ET1:Liq (120 nm) BD (96:4, 25 nm) (40:60, 30 nm) Device Compound Compound Compound Compound Compound Compound Example 5.2 68 (10 nm) HT1 EB1 (5 nm) BH:Compound HB1 (5 nm) ET1:Liq (120 nm) BD (96:4, 25 nm) (40:60, 30 nm) Device Compound Compound Compound Compound Compound Compound Example 5.3 70 (10 nm) HT1 EB1 (5 nm) BH:Compound HB1 (5 nm) ET1:Liq (120 nm) BD (96:4, 25 nm) (40:60, 30 nm) Device Compound Compound Compound Compound Compound Compound Example 5.4 70 (5 nm) HT1 EB1 (5 nm) BH:Compound HB1 (5 nm) ET1:Liq (120 nm) BD (96:4, 25 nm) (40:60, 30 nm) Device Compound Compound Compound Compound Compound Compound Example 5.5 70 (2 nm) HT1 EB1 (5 nm) BH:Compound HB1 (5 nm) ET1:Liq (120 nm) BD (96:4, 25 nm) (40:60, 30 nm) Device Compound Compound Compound Compound Compound Compound Example 5.6 70 (10 nm) HT2 EB1 (5 nm) BH:Compound HB1 (5 nm) ET1:Liq (120 nm) BD (96:4, 25 nm) (40:60, 30 nm) Device Compound Compound Compound Compound Compound Compound Example 5.7 70 (2 nm) HT2 EB1 (5 nm) BH:Compound HB1 (5 nm) ET1:Liq (120 nm) BD (96:4, 25 nm) (40:60, 30 nm) Device Compound Compound Compound Compound Compound Compound Example 5.8 70 (1 nm) HT2 EB1 (5 nm) BH:Compound HB1 (5 nm) ET1:Liq (120 nm) BD (96:4, 25 nm) (40:60, 30 nm) Device None Compound Compound Compound Compound Compound Comparative HT2 EB1 (5 nm) BH:Compound HB1 (5 nm) ET1:Liq Example 5.1 (120 nm) BD (96:4, 25 nm) (40:60, 30 nm)

Structure of the materials used in the devices is shown as below:

The above devices were measured for IVL characteristics at 10 mA/cm², and their voltage (V), power efficiency (PE), and lifetime (LT95) were recorded and shown in Table 4.

TABLE 4 Device Data Voltage PE Device Number (V) (lm/W) LT95 (h) Device Example 5.1 4.22 4.64 183 Device Example 5.2 4.56 4.87 1204 Device Example 5.3 4.18 4.70 292 Device Example 5.4 4.08 4.97 601 Device Example 5.5 4.07 5.25 643 Device Example 5.6 4.12 4.49 1572 Device Example 5.7 4.11 5.15 1615 Device Example 5.8 4.12 5.25 1596 Device Comparative 8.34 4.02 93 Example 5.1

Discussion 1:

As can be seen from the above table, when a single material was used as a hole injection layer in 8 preferred Examples of the present invention and the Comparative Example 5.1, the preferred Examples were superior to the Comparative Example 5.1 in terms of voltage, power efficiency, and lifetime. The voltage was greatly reduced, the power efficiency was improved, and in terms of the lifetime, there was fold improvement. Even when the thickness of the hole injection layer was reduced to 5 nm and 2 nm, even to 1 nm, the voltage, efficiency, and lifetime were still excellent. Especially in the absence of a hole injection layer, the voltage of the device was as high as 8.34 V, and the power efficiency and lifetime were also inferior to those of devices having a hole injection layer. From this, it can be seen that when used alone as a hole injection layer, the compounds of the present invention were better choice and brought unexpected improvement.

Device Example 6 Device Example 6.1

A glass substrate with a 80 nm-thick indium tin oxide (ITO) transparent electrode was subjected to oxygen plasma and UV ozone treatment. The cleaned glass substrate was dried on a hotplate in a glovebox before deposition. The following materials were deposited in sequence onto the surface of the glass at a rate of 0.02-0.2 angstrom/s under a vacuum of around 10⁻⁸ torr. First, Compound 56 (as a dopant) of the present invention and Compound HT1 (in a weight ratio of 3:97) were co-deposited on the surface of the glass substrate to form a 10 nm-thick film which served as a hole injection layer (HIL). Next, Compound HT1 was deposited on the above obtained film to form a 120 nm-thick film which served as a hole transporting layer (HTL). Next, Compound EB1 was deposited on the above obtained film to form a 5 nm-thick film which served as an electron blocking layer (EBL). Next, Compound BH and Compound BD (in a weight ratio of 96:4) were co-deposited on the above obtained film to form a 25 nm-thick film which served as an emitting layer (EML). Next, Compound HB1 was deposited on the above obtained film to form a 5 nm-thick film which served as a hole blocking layer (HBL). Next, 8-hydroxyquinolinolato-lithium (Liq) and Compound ET1 (in a weight ratio of 60:40) were co-deposited on the above obtained film to form a 30 nm-thick film which served as an electron transporting layer (ETL). Finally, Liq was deposited to form a 1 nm-thick film which served as an electron injection layer (EIL) and 120 nm-thick of Al was deposited to form a cathode. The device was then transferred back to the glove box and encapsulated with a glass lid and a moisture absorbent to complete the device.

Device Example 6.2

Device Example 6.2 was fabricated in the same manner as in Device Example 6.1, except that in the HIL, Compound 68 was used instead of Compound 56 to serve as a dopant.

Device Example 6.3

Device Example 6.3 was fabricated in the same manner as in Device Example 6.1, except that in the HIL, Compound 70 was used instead of Compound 56 to serve as a dopant.

Device Example 6.4

Device Example 6.4 was fabricated in the same manner as in Device Example 6.1, except that Compound HT2 was used instead of Compound HT1 to co-deposit with Compound 56 (in a weight ratio of 97:3) to serve as an HIL, and Compound HT2 was used instead of Compound HT1 to serve as an HTL.

Device Example 6.5

Device Example 6.5 was fabricated in the same manner as in Device Example 6.4, except that in the HIL, Compound 68 was used instead of Compound 56 to serve as a dopant.

The specific structure of the compounds used in the devices is as shown in Device Example 5.

Detailed layer structure and thickness of the devices are shown in the table below. Layers in which more than one material is used are obtained by doping different compounds in the weight ratios described therein.

TABLE 5 Device Structures of Device Examples Device ID HIL HTL EBL EML HBL ETL Device Compound Compound Compound Compound Compound Compound Example 6.1 56:Compound HT1 EB1 (5 nm) BH:Compound HB1 (5 nm) ET1:Liq HT1 (3:97, (120 nm) BD (96:4, 25 nm) (40:60, 30 nm) 10 nm) Device Compound Compound Compound Compound Compound Compound Example 6.2 68:Compound HT1 EB1 (5 nm) BH:Compound HB1 (5 nm) ET1:Liq HT1 (3:97, (120 nm) BD (96:4, 25 nm) (40:60, 30 nm) 10 nm) Device Compound Compound Compound Compound Compound Compound Example 6.3 70:Compound HT1 EB1 (5 nm) BH:Compound HB1 (5 nm) ET1:Liq HT1 (3:97, (120 nm) BD (96:4, 25 nm) (40:60, 30 nm) 10 nm) Device Compound Compound Compound Compound Compound Compound Example 6.4 56:Compound HT2 EB1 (5 nm) BH:Compound HB1 (5 nm) ET1:Liq HT2 (3:97, (120 nm) BD (96:4, 25 nm) (40:60, 30 nm) 10 nm) Device Compound Compound Compound Compound Compound Compound Example 6.5 68:Compound HT2 EB1 (5 nm) BH:Compound HB1 (5 nm) ET1:Liq HT2 (3:97, (120 nm) BD (96:4, 25 nm) (40:60, 30 nm) 10 nm)

The above devices were measured for IVL characteristics at 10 mA/cm², and their voltage (V), power efficiency (PE), and lifetime (LT95) were recorded and shown in Table 6.

TABLE 6 Device Data Voltage PE Device ID (V) (lm/W) LT95 (h) Device Example 6.1 4.18 5.55 94 Device Example 6.2 4.17 5.65 980 Device Example 6.3 4.03 5.64 250 Device Example 6.4 4.09 5.49 328 Device Example 6.5 4.11 5.60 1820

Discussion 2:

As can be seen from the above table, when compounds of the 5 preferred Examples of the present invention were used as a dopant in HT1 or HT2 to be a hole injection layer, the voltage of the preferred Examples was only about 4.18 V. The power efficiency of the Examples was also advantageously high as were the lifetimes of the preferred Examples. Therefore, when used as a dopant, the compounds disclosed in the present invention were a class of hole injection materials that provided superior device performance, particularly in reducing voltage and increasing life, and had overwhelming advantages.

Device Example 7 Device Example 7.1

A glass substrate with a 80 nm-thick indium tin oxide (ITO) transparent electrode was subjected to oxygen plasma and UV ozone treatment. The cleaned glass substrate was dried on a hotplate in a glovebox before deposition. The following materials were deposited in sequence onto the surface of the glass at the rate of 0.02-0.2 angstrom/s under the vacuum of around 10⁻⁸ torr. First, Compound 56 was deposited onto the surface of the glass substrate to form a 10 nm-thick film as a hole injection layer (HIL). Next, Compound HT1 was deposited on the above obtained film to form a 35 nm-thick film which served as the hole-transporting layer (HTL). Next, Compound EB2 was deposited on the above obtained film to form a 5 nm-thick film which served as the electronic-blocking layer (EBL). Next, Compound EB2, Compound HB2 and Compound GD1 (in a weight ratio of 46:46:8) were co-deposited on the above obtained film to form a 40 nm-thick film which served as the emitting layer (EML). Next, Compound HB2 was deposited on the above obtained film to form a 5 nm-thick film which served as the hole-blocking layer (HBL). 8-Hydroxyquinolinolato-lithium (Liq) and Compound ET2 (weight ratio 60:40) was codeposited on the above obtained film to form a 35 nm-thick film which served as the electron-transporting layer (ETL). Finally, Liq was deposited to form a 1 nm-thick film which served as the electron-injecting layer (EIL) and 120 nm-thick of Al was deposited to form the cathode. The device was then transferred back to the glove box and sealed with a glass lid and a moisture absorbent to complete the device.

Device Example 7.2

Example 7.2 was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 7.1, except that Compound 56 (as a dopant) and Compound HT1 (in a weight ratio of 3:97) were co-evaporated to serve as a hole injection layer (HIL) instead of Compound 56.

The specific structure of novel compounds used in the devices is shown as follows:

The detailed layer structure and thickness of the devices are shown in the table below. Layers in which more than one material is used are obtained by doping different compounds in the weight ratios described therein.

TABLE 7 Device Structure of Device Examples Device ID HIL HTL EBL EML HBL ETL Device Compound Compound Compound Compound Compound Compound Example 56 (10 nm) HT1 (35 nm) EB2 (5 nm) EB2:Compound HB2 (5 nm) Liq:ET2 7.1 HB2:Compound (60:40, GD1 (46:46:8, 35 nm) 40 nm) Device Compound Compound Compound Compound Compound Compound Example 56:Compound HT1 (35 nm) EB2 (5 nm) EB2:Compound HB2 (5 nm) Liq:ET2 7.2 HT1 (3:97, HB2:Compound (60:40, 10 nm) GD1 (46:46:8, 35 nm) 40 nm)

The above devices were measured for IVL characteristics at 10 mA/cm², and their voltage (V), power efficiency (PE), and lifetime (LT95) were recorded and shown in Table 8.

TABLE 8 Device Data Voltage PE Device ID (V) (lm/W) LT95 (h) Device Example 7.1 3.56 71.15 1245 Device Example 7.2 3.51 76.77 859

Discussion 3:

As can be seen from the green light-emitting device, when Compound 56 was used alone to serve as a hole injection layer, excellent voltage, efficiency, and lifetime performance were achieved. When Compound 56 was used as a dopant in a hole injection layer, the voltage in Example 7.2 was similar to, and the efficiency was slightly higher than that in Example 7.1, while a longer lifetime was achieved when Compound 56 was used alone to serve as a hole injecting layer.

Device Example 8 Device Example 8.1

A glass substrate with a 80 nm-thick indium tin oxide (ITO) transparent electrode was subjected to oxygen plasma and UV ozone treatment. The cleaned glass substrate was dried on a hotplate in a glovebox before deposition. The following materials were deposited in sequence onto the surface of the glass at the rate of 0.02-0.2 angstrom/s under the vacuum of around 10⁻⁸ torr. First, Compound 56 was deposited onto the surface of the glass substrate to form a 10 nm-thick film as a hole injection layer (HIL). Next, Compound HT1 was deposited on the above obtained film to form a 40 nm-thick film which served as the hole-transporting layer (HTL). Next, Compound EB2 was deposited on the above obtained film to form a 5 nm-thick film which served as the electronic-blocking layer (EBL). Next, Compound RH and Compound RD (in a weight ratio of 98:2) were co-deposited on the above obtained film to form a 40 nm-thick film which served as the emitting layer (EML). Next, Compound HB2 was deposited on the above obtained film to form a 5 nm-thick film which served as the hole-blocking layer (HBL). 8-Hydroxyquinolinolato-lithium (Liq) and Compound ET2 (weight ratio 60:40) was codeposited on the above obtained film to form a 35 nm-thick film which served as the electron-transporting layer (ETL). Finally, Liq was deposited to form a 1 nm-thick film which served as the electron-injecting layer (EIL) and 120 nm-thick of Al was deposited to form the cathode. The device was then transferred back to the glove box and sealed with a glass lid and a moisture absorbent to complete the device.

Example 8.2 was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 8.1, except that Compound 56 (as a dopant) and Compound HT1 (in a weight ratio of 3:97) were co-evaporated onto the surface of a glass substrate to form a 10 nm-thick film to serve as a hole injection layer (HIL).

The specific structure of novel compounds used in the devices is shown as follows:

The detailed layer structure and thickness of the devices are shown in the table below. Layers in which more than one material is used are obtained by doping different compounds in the weight ratios described therein.

TABLE 9 Device Structure of Device Examples Device ID HIL HTL EBL EML HBL ETL Device Compound Compound Compound Compound Compound Compound Example 56 (10 nm) HT1 (40 nm) EB2 (5 nm) RH:Compound HB2 (5 nm) Liq:ET2 8.1 RD (60:40, (98:2, 40 nm) 35 nm) Device Compound Compound Compound Compound Compound Compound Example 56:Compound HT1 (40 nm) EB2 (5 nm) RH:Compound HB2 (5 nm) Liq:ET2 8.2 HT1 (3:97, RD (60:40, 10 nm) (98:2, 40 nm) 35 nm)

The above devices were measured for IVL characteristics at 10 mA/cm², and their voltage (V), power efficiency (PE), and lifetime (LT95) were recorded and shown in Table 10.

TABLE 10 Device Data Voltage PE Device ID (V) (lm/W) LT95 (h) Device Example 8.1 4.37 13.33 7469 Device Example 8.2 4.32 15.31 4325

Discussion 4:

As can also be seen from the red light-emitting device, when Compound 56 was used alone to serve as a hole injection layer, excellent voltage, efficiency, and lifetime performance were achieved. When Compound 56 was used as a dopant in a hole injection layer, the voltage in Example 8.2 was similar to, and the efficiency was slightly higher than that in Example 8.1, while a longer lifetime was achieved when Compound 56 was used alone to serve as a hole injecting layer.

Based on the above results, it can be concluded that the dehydrobenzodioxazole derivatives, whether used alone as a hole injection layer or as a dopant, have excellent effect in red, green and blue light-emitting devices, and are rare hole injection materials.

The compounds disclosed in the present invention are dehydrobenzodioxazole, dehydrobenzodithiazole or dehydrobenzodiselenazole derivatives. Because the heteroatoms contained in the molecular parent core are different, the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMOs) are different. The LUMOs of dehydrobenzodioxazole (NO compounds), dehydrobenzodithiazole (NS compounds) and dehydrobenzodiselenazole derivatives (NSe compounds) were calculated by DFT (GAUSS-09, under the condition of B3LYP/6-311G(d)). Results are shown in the table below.

TABLE 11 DFT calculation results NO LUMO NS LUMO NSe LUMO Compound (eV) Compound (eV) Compound (eV) Compound 1 −5.82 Compound −5.66 Compound 177 −5.58 89 Compound 6 −6.18 Compound −6.03 Compound 182 −5.95 94 Compound −5.57 Compound −5.46 Compound 189 −5.40 13 101 Compound −5.32 Compound −5.24 Compound 191 −5.18 15 103 Compound −5.69 Compound −5.61 Compound 201 −5.56 25 113 Compound −5.43 Compound −5.36 Compound 202 −5.30 26 114 Compound −5.68 Compound −5.55 Compound 214 −5.48 38 126 Compound −5.72 Compound −5.63 Compound 219 −5.40 43 131 Compound −5.45 Compound −5.33 Compound 232 −5.28 56 144 Compound −5.3 Compound −5.24 Compound 242 −5.19 66 154 Compound −5.93 Compound −5.73 Compound 243 −5.64 67 155 Compound −5.78 Compound −5.64 Compound 244 −5.58 68 156 Compound −5.53 Compound −5.44 Compound 245 −5.38 69 157 Compound −5.57 Compound −5.48 Compound 246 −5.43 70 158 Compound −5.57 Compound −5.49 Compound 247 −5.43 71 159

As can be seen from the results for the aforementioned devices, devices incorporating dehydrobenzodioxazole derivatives had excellent performance in each aspects and the dehydrobenzodioxazole derivatives were high-efficient hole injection materials. As can be seen from the DFT calculation results, when comparing the same series of molecules, the LUMOs of dehydrobenzodioxazole derivatives, dehydrobenzodithiazole derivatives and dehydrobenzodiselenazole derivatives were almost the same, about 0.2 eV, indicating that all three types of compounds may have a deeper LUMO level and are extremely electron-deficient. Therefore, dehydrobenzodithiazole derivatives and dehydrobenzodiselenazole derivatives have the potential to be excellent hole injecting materials which may greatly improve OLED performance, for example, allow a device to have a longer lifetime, higher efficiency and lower voltage, and have a very broad industrial application prospect.

As can be seen from the above device results and DFT calculations, novel compounds of the present invention which have a structure of dehydrobenzodioxazole, dehydrobenzodithiazole or dehydrobenzodiselenazole are very important charge transporting materials. In particular, they have unparalleled advantages in hole transporting and are suitable for use in different types of organic semiconductor devices, including but not limited to fluorescent OLEDs, phosphorescent OLEDs, white OLEDs, stacked OLEDs, OTFTs, OPVs, and the like.

It is understood that the various embodiments described herein are by way of example only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The present invention as claimed may therefore include variations from the particular examples and preferred embodiments described herein, as will be apparent to one of skill in the art. Many of the materials and structures described herein may be substituted with other materials and structures without deviating from the spirit of the invention. It is understood that various theories as to why the invention works are not intended to be limiting. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A compound having Formula 1′:

wherein each of X and Y is independently selected from the group consisting of CR″R′″, NR′, O, S and Se; wherein each of Z₁ and Z₂ is independently selected from the group consisting of O, S and Se; wherein each of R, R′, R″ and R′″ is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, nitroso, nitro, acyl, carbonyl, a carboxylic acid group, an ester group, cyano, isocyano, SCN, OCN, SF₅, boranyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, phosphoroso, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted arylalkyl group having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylsilyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted arylsilyl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and combinations thereof; wherein each R may be same or different, and at least one of R, R′, R″ and R′″ is a group having at least on electron-withdrawing group; and wherein adjacent substituents can be optionally joined to form a ring or a fused structure.
 2. The compound according to claim 1, wherein each of X and Y is independently selected from CR″R′″ and NR′, R′, R″ and R′″ are groups having at least one electron-withdrawing group; preferably, R, R′, R″ and R′″ are groups having at least one electron-withdrawing group.
 3. The compound according to claim 1, wherein each of X and Y is independently selected from the group consisting of O, S and Se, and at least one of R groups is a group having at least one electron-withdrawing group; preferably, both R groups are groups having at least one electron-withdrawing group.
 4. The compound according to claim 1, wherein the Hammett's constant of the electron-withdrawing group is ≥0.05, preferably ≥0.3, more preferably ≥0.5.
 5. The compound according to claim 4, wherein the electron-withdrawing group is selected from the group consisting of halogen, nitroso, nitro, acyl, carbonyl, a carboxylic acid group, an ester group, cyano, isocyano, SCN, OCN, SF₅, boranyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, phosphoroso, an aza-aromatic ring group, and any one of an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms, a heteroalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an arylalkyl group having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, an alkoxyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryloxy group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a heteroaryl group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, an alkylsilyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms and an arylsilyl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms which are substituted with one or more of halogen, nitroso, nitro, acyl, carbonyl, a carboxylic acid group, an ester group, cyano, isocyano, SCN, OCN, SF₅, boranyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, phosphoroso, an aza-aromatic ring group, and combinations thereof; preferably, the electron-withdrawing group is selected from the group consisting of F, CF₃, OCF₃, SF₅, SO₂CF₃, cyano, isocyano, SCN, OCN, pyrimidinyl, triazinyl, and combinations thereof.
 6. The compound according to claim 1, wherein each of X and Y is independently selected from the group consisting of: O, S, Se,

wherein R₁ is selected, at each occurrence, identically or differently, from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, nitroso, nitro, acyl, carbonyl, a carboxylic acid group, an ester group, cyano, isocyano, SCN, OCN, SF₅, boranyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, phosphoroso, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted arylalkyl group having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylsilyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted arylsilyl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and combinations thereof; preferably, R₁ is selected, at each occurrence, identically or differently, from the group consisting of F, CF₃, OCF₃, SF₅, SO₂CF₃, cyano, isocyano, SCN, OCN, pentafluorophenyl, 4-cyanotetrafluorophenyl, tetrafluoropyridyl, pyrimidinyl, triazinyl, and combinations thereof; wherein V and W are selected, at each occurrence, identically or differently, from the group consisting of CR_(v)R_(w), NR_(v), O, S and Se; wherein Ar is selected, at each occurrence, identically or differently, from a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms; wherein A, R_(a), R_(b), R_(c), R_(d), R_(e), R_(f), R_(g), R_(h), R_(v) and R_(w) are selected, at each occurrence, identically or differently, from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, nitroso, nitro, acyl, carbonyl, a carboxylic acid group, an ester group, cyano, isocyano, SCN, OCN, SF₅, boranyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, phosphoroso, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted arylalkyl group having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylsilyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted arylsilyl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and combinations thereof; wherein A is a group having at least one electron-withdrawing group, and for any one of the structures, when one or more of R_(a), R_(b), R_(c), R_(d), R_(e), R_(f), R_(g), R_(h), R_(v) and R_(w) is(are) present, at least one of R_(a), R_(b), R_(c), R_(d), R_(e), R_(f), R_(g), R_(h), R_(v) and R_(w) is a group having at least one electron-withdrawing group; preferably, the group having at least one electron-withdrawing group is selected from the group consisting of F, CF₃, OCF₃, SF₅, SO₂CF₃, cyano, isocyano, SCN, OCN, pentafluorophenyl, 4-cyanotetrafluorophenyl, tetrafluoropyridyl, pyrimidinyl, triazinyl, and combinations thereof.
 7. The compound according to claim 1, wherein each of X and Y is independently selected, at each occurrence, identically or differently, from the group consisting of: O, S, Se,


8. The compound according to claim 1, wherein each of R groups is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, nitroso, nitro, acyl, carbonyl, a carboxylic acid group, an ester group, cyano, isocyano, SCN, OCN, SF₅, boranyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, phosphoroso, an unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms, an unsubstituted alkoxyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, an unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, and an unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, and any one of an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms, an alkoxyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms and a heteroaryl group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms which are substituted with one or more groups selected from the group consisting of halogen, nitroso, nitro, acyl, carbonyl, a carboxylic acid group, an ester group, cyano, isocyano, SCN, OCN, SF₅, boranyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, phosphoroso, and combinations thereof; preferably, each of R groups is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, methyl, isopropyl, NO₂, SO₂CH₃, SCF₃, C₂F₅, OC₂F₅, OCH₃, p-methylphenyl, diphenylmethylsilyl, phenyl, methoxyphenyl, 2,6-diisopropylphenyl, biphenyl, polyfluorophenyl, difluoropyridyl, nitrophenyl, dimethylthiazolyl, vinyl substituted with one or more of CN and CF₃, ethynyl substituted with one of CN and CF₃, dimethylphosphoroso, diphenylphosphoroso, F, CF₃, OCF₃, SF₅, SO₂CF₃, cyano, isocyano, SCN, OCN, trifluoromethylphenyl, trifluoromethoxyphenyl, bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, bis(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl, 4-cyanotetrafluorophenyl, phenyl or biphenyl substituted with one or more of F, CN and CF₃, tetrafluoropyridyl, pyrimidinyl, triazinyl, diphenylboranyl, oxaboraanthryl, and combinations thereof.
 9. The compound according to claim 8, wherein X and Y are


10. The compound according to claim 1, wherein each of R groups is independently selected from the group consisting of:

preferably, the two R groups in Formula 1′ are the same.
 11. The compound according to claim 1, which has the structure represented by Formula 2:

wherein in Formula 2 the structures of the two Z groups are the same, the structures of the two R groups are the same or different, and Z, X, Y and R are correspondingly selected from the atoms or groups as shown in the following table: NO. Z X Y R R NO. Z X Y R R Compound 1 O A1 A1 B1 B1 Compound 2 O A1 A1 B2 B2 Compound 3 O A1 A1 B3 B3 Compound 4 O A1 A1 B4 B4 Compound 5 O A1 A1 B5 B5 Compound 6 O A1 A1 B6 B6 Compound 7 O A1 A1 B7 B7 Compound 8 O A1 A1 B8 B8 Compound 9 O A1 A1 B9 B9 Compound O A1 A1 B10 B10 10 Compound O A1 A1 B11 B11 Compound O A1 A1 B12 B12 11 12 Compound O A1 A1 B13 B13 Compound O A1 A1 B14 B14 13 14 Compound O A1 A1 B15 B15 Compound O A1 A1 B16 B16 15 16 Compound O A1 A1 B17 B17 Compound O A1 A1 B18 B18 17 18 Compound O A1 A1 B19 B19 Compound O A1 A1 B20 B20 19 20 Compound O A1 A1 B21 B21 Compound O A1 A1 B22 B22 21 22 Compound O A1 A1 B23 B23 Compound O A1 A1 B24 B24 23 24 Compound O A1 A1 B25 B25 Compound O A1 A1 B26 B26 25 26 Compound O A1 A1 B27 B27 Compound O A1 A1 B28 B28 27 28 Compound O A1 A1 B29 B29 Compound O A1 A1 B30 B30 29 30 Compound O A1 A1 B31 B31 Compound O A1 A1 B32 B32 31 32 Compound O A1 A1 B33 B33 Compound O A1 A1 B34 B34 33 34 Compound O A1 A1 B35 B35 Compound O A1 A1 B36 B36 35 36 Compound O A1 A1 B37 B37 Compound O A1 A1 B38 B38 37 38 Compound O A1 A1 B39 B39 Compound O A1 A1 B40 B40 39 40 Compound O A1 A1 B41 B41 Compound O A1 A1 B42 B42 41 42 Compound O A1 A1 B43 B43 Compound O A1 A1 B44 B44 43 44 Compound O A1 A1 B45 B45 Compound O A1 A1 B46 B46 45 46 Compound O A1 A1 B47 B47 Compound O A1 A1 B48 B48 47 48 Compound O A1 A1 B49 B49 Compound O A1 A1 B50 B50 49 50 Compound O A1 A1 B51 B51 Compound O A1 A1 B52 B52 51 52 Compound O A1 A1 B53 B53 Compound O A1 A1 B54 B54 53 54 Compound O A1 A1 B55 B55 Compound O A1 A1 B56 B56 55 56 Compound O A1 A1 B57 B57 Compound O A1 A1 B58 B58 57 58 Compound O A1 A1 B59 B59 Compound O A1 A1 B60 B60 59 60 Compound O A1 A1 B61 B61 Compound O A1 A1 B62 B62 61 62 Compound O A1 A1 B63 B63 Compound O A1 A1 B64 B64 63 64 Compound O A1 A1 B65 B65 Compound O A1 A1 B66 B66 65 66 Compound O A1 A1 B67 B67 Compound O A1 A1 B68 B68 67 68 Compound O A1 A1 B69 B69 Compound O A1 A1 B70 B70 69 70 Compound O A1 A1 B71 B71 Compound O A1 A1 B72 B72 71 72 Compound O A1 A1 B73 B73 Compound O A1 A1 B74 B74 73 74 Compound O A1 A1 B75 B75 Compound O A1 A1 B76 B76 75 76 Compound O A1 A1 B77 B77 Compound O A1 A1 B78 B78 77 78 Compound O A1 A1 B79 B79 Compound O A1 A1 B80 B80 79 80 Compound O A1 A1 B81 B81 Compound O A1 A1 B82 B82 81 82 Compound O A1 A1 B83 B83 Compound O A1 A1 B84 B84 83 84 Compound O A1 A1 B85 B85 Compound O A1 A1 B86 B86 85 86 Compound O A1 A1 B87 B87 Compound O A1 A1 B88 B88 87 88 Compound S A1 A1 B1 B1 Compound S A1 A1 B2 B2 89 90 Compound S A1 A1 B3 B3 Compound S A1 A1 B4 B4 91 92 Compound S A1 A1 B5 B5 Compound S A1 A1 B6 B6 93 94 Compound S A1 A1 B7 B7 Compound S A1 A1 B8 B8 95 96 Compound S A1 A1 B9 B9 Compound S A1 A1 B10 B10 97 98 Compound S A1 A1 B11 B11 Compound S A1 A1 B12 B12 99 100 Compound S A1 A1 B13 B13 Compound S A1 A1 B14 B14 101 102 Compound S A1 A1 B15 B15 Compound S A1 A1 B16 B16 103 104 Compound S A1 A1 B17 B17 Compound S A1 A1 B18 B18 105 106 Compound S A1 A1 B19 B19 Compound S A1 A1 B20 B20 107 108 Compound S A1 A1 B21 B21 Compound S A1 A1 B22 B22 109 110 Compound S A1 A1 B23 B23 Compound S A1 A1 B24 B24 111 112 Compound S A1 A1 B25 B25 Compound S A1 A1 B26 B26 113 114 Compound S A1 A1 B27 B27 Compound S A1 A1 B28 B28 115 116 Compound S A1 A1 B29 B29 Compound S A1 A1 B30 B30 117 118 Compound S A1 A1 B31 B31 Compound S A1 A1 B32 B32 119 120 Compound S A1 A1 B33 B33 Compound S A1 A1 B34 B34 121 122 Compound S A1 A1 B35 B35 Compound S A1 A1 B36 B36 123 124 Compound S A1 A1 B37 B37 Compound S A1 A1 B38 B38 125 126 Compound S A1 A1 B39 B39 Compound S A1 A1 B40 B40 127 128 Compound S A1 A1 B41 B41 Compound S A1 A1 B42 B42 129 130 Compound S A1 A1 B43 B43 Compound S A1 A1 B44 B44 131 132 Compound S A1 A1 B45 B45 Compound S A1 A1 B46 B46 133 134 Compound S A1 A1 B47 B47 Compound S A1 A1 B48 B48 135 136 Compound S A1 A1 B49 B49 Compound S A1 A1 B50 B50 137 138 Compound S A1 A1 B51 B51 Compound S A1 A1 B52 B52 139 140 Compound S A1 A1 B53 B53 Compound S A1 A1 B54 B54 141 142 Compound S A1 A1 B55 B55 Compound S A1 A1 B56 B56 143 144 Compound S A1 A1 B57 B57 Compound S A1 A1 B58 B58 145 146 Compound S A1 A1 B59 B59 Compound S A1 A1 B60 B60 147 148 Compound S A1 A1 B61 B61 Compound S A1 A1 B62 B62 149 150 Compound S A1 A1 B63 B63 Compound S A1 A1 B64 B64 151 152 Compound S A1 A1 B65 B65 Compound S A1 A1 B66 B66 153 154 Compound S A1 A1 B67 B67 Compound S A1 A1 B68 B68 155 156 Compound S A1 A1 B69 B69 Compound S A1 A1 B70 B70 157 158 Compound S A1 A1 B71 B71 Compound S A1 A1 B72 B72 159 160 Compound S A1 A1 B73 B73 Compound S A1 A1 B74 B74 161 162 Compound S A1 A1 B75 B75 Compound S A1 A1 B76 B76 163 164 Compound S A1 A1 B77 B77 Compound S A1 A1 B78 B78 165 166 Compound S A1 A1 B79 B79 Compound S A1 A1 B80 B80 167 168 Compound S A1 A1 B81 B81 Compound S A1 A1 B82 B82 169 170 Compound S A1 A1 B83 B83 Compound S A1 A1 B84 B84 171 172 Compound S A1 A1 B85 B85 Compound S A1 A1 B86 B86 173 174 Compound S A1 A1 B87 B87 Compound S A1 A1 B88 B88 175 176 Compound Se A1 A1 B1 B1 Compound Se A1 A1 B2 B2 177 178 Compound Se A1 A1 B3 B3 Compound Se A1 A1 B4 B4 179 180 Compound Se A1 A1 B5 B5 Compound Se A1 A1 B6 B6 181 182 Compound Se A1 A1 B7 B7 Compound Se A1 A1 B8 B8 183 184 Compound Se A1 A1 B9 B9 Compound Se A1 A1 B10 B10 185 186 Compound Se A1 A1 B11 B11 Compound Se A1 A1 B12 B12 187 188 Compound Se A1 A1 B13 B13 Compound Se A1 A1 B14 B14 189 190 Compound Se A1 A1 B15 B15 Compound Se A1 A1 B16 B16 191 192 Compound Se A1 A1 B17 B17 Compound Se A1 A1 B18 B18 193 194 Compound Se A1 A1 B19 B19 Compound Se A1 A1 B20 B20 195 196 Compound Se A1 A1 B21 B21 Compound Se A1 A1 B22 B22 197 198 Compound Se A1 A1 B23 B23 Compound Se A1 A1 B24 B24 199 200 Compound Se A1 A1 B25 B25 Compound Se A1 A1 B26 B26 201 202 Compound Se A1 A1 B27 B27 Compound Se A1 A1 B28 B28 203 204 Compound Se A1 A1 B29 B29 Compound Se A1 A1 B30 B30 205 206 Compound Se A1 A1 B31 B31 Compound Se A1 A1 B32 B32 207 208 Compound Se A1 A1 B33 B33 Compound Se A1 A1 B34 B34 209 210 Compound Se A1 A1 B35 B35 Compound Se A1 A1 B36 B36 211 212 Compound Se A1 A1 B37 B37 Compound Se A1 A1 B38 B38 213 214 Compound Se A1 A1 B39 B39 Compound Se A1 A1 B40 B40 215 216 Compound Se A1 A1 B41 B41 Compound Se A1 A1 B42 B42 217 218 Compound Se A1 A1 B43 B43 Compound Se A1 A1 B44 B44 219 220 Compound Se A1 A1 B45 B45 Compound Se A1 A1 B46 B46 221 222 Compound Se A1 A1 B47 B47 Compound Se A1 A1 B48 B48 223 224 Compound Se A1 A1 B49 B49 Compound Se A1 A1 B50 B50 225 226 Compound Se A1 A1 B51 B51 Compound Se A1 A1 B52 B52 227 228 Compound Se A1 A1 B53 B53 Compound Se A1 A1 B54 B54 229 230 Compound Se A1 A1 B55 B55 Compound Se A1 A1 B56 B56 231 232 Compound Se A1 A1 B57 B57 Compound Se A1 A1 B58 B58 233 234 Compound Se A1 A1 B59 B59 Compound Se A1 A1 B60 B60 235 236 Compound Se A1 A1 B61 B61 Compound Se A1 A1 B62 B62 237 238 Compound Se A1 A1 B63 B63 Compound Se A1 A1 B64 B64 239 240 Compound Se A1 A1 B65 B65 Compound Se A1 A1 B66 B66 241 242 Compound Se A1 A1 B67 B67 Compound Se A1 A1 B68 B68 243 244 Compound Se A1 A1 B69 B69 Compound Se A1 A1 B70 B70 245 246 Compound Se A1 A1 B71 B71 Compound Se A1 A1 B72 B72 247 248 Compound Se A1 A1 B73 B73 Compound Se A1 A1 B74 B74 249 250 Compound Se A1 A1 B75 B75 Compound Se A1 A1 B76 B76 251 252 Compound Se A1 A1 B77 B77 Compound Se A1 A1 B78 B78 253 254 Compound Se A1 A1 B79 B79 Compound Se A1 A1 B80 B80 255 256 Compound Se A1 A1 B81 B81 Compound Se A1 A1 B82 B82 257 258 Compound Se A1 A1 B83 B83 Compound Se A1 A1 B84 B84 259 260 Compound Se A1 A1 B85 B85 Compound Se A1 A1 B86 B86 261 262 Compound Se A1 A1 B87 B87 Compound Se A1 A1 B88 B88 263 264 Compound O A2 A2 B1 B1 Compound O A2 A2 B6 B6 265 266 Compound O A2 A2 B10 B10 Compound O A2 A2 B16 B16 267 268 Compound O A2 A2 B25 B25 Compound O A2 A2 B28 B28 269 270 Compound O A2 A2 B29 B29 Compound O A2 A2 B30 B30 271 272 Compound O A2 A2 B38 B38 Compound O A2 A2 B39 B39 273 274 Compound O A2 A2 B40 B40 Compound O A2 A2 B41 B41 275 276 Compound O A2 A2 B43 B43 Compound O A2 A2 B52 B52 277 278 Compound O A2 A2 B56 B56 Compound O A2 A2 B67 B67 279 280 Compound O A2 A2 B68 B68 Compound O A2 A2 B69 B69 281 282 Compound O A2 A2 B70 B70 Compound O A2 A2 B71 B71 283 284 Compound O A2 A2 B72 B72 Compound O A2 A2 B74 B74 285 286 Compound O A2 A2 B79 B79 Compound O A2 A2 B80 B80 287 288 Compound O A2 A2 B82 B82 Compound O A2 A2 B83 B83 289 290 Compound O A2 A2 B86 B86 Compound O A2 A2 B88 B88 291 292 Compound S A2 A2 B1 B1 Compound S A2 A2 B6 B6 293 294 Compound S A2 A2 B10 B10 Compound S A2 A2 B16 B16 295 296 Compound S A2 A2 B25 B25 Compound S A2 A2 B28 B28 297 298 Compound S A2 A2 B29 B29 Compound S A2 A2 B30 B30 299 300 Compound S A2 A2 B38 B38 Compound S A2 A2 B39 B39 301 302 Compound S A2 A2 B40 B40 Compound S A2 A2 B41 B41 303 304 Compound S A2 A2 B43 B43 Compound S A2 A2 B52 B52 305 306 Compound S A2 A2 B56 B56 Compound S A2 A2 B67 B67 307 308 Compound S A2 A2 B68 B68 Compound S A2 A2 B69 B69 309 310 Compound S A2 A2 B70 B70 Compound S A2 A2 B71 B71 311 312 Compound S A2 A2 B72 B72 Compound S A2 A2 B74 B74 313 314 Compound S A2 A2 B79 B79 Compound S A2 A2 B80 B80 315 316 Compound S A2 A2 B82 B82 Compound S A2 A2 B83 B83 317 318 Compound S A2 A2 B86 B86 Compound S A2 A2 B88 B88 319 320 Compound Se A2 A2 B1 B1 Compound Se A2 A2 B6 B6 321 322 Compound Se A2 A2 B10 B10 Compound Se A2 A2 B16 B16 323 324 Compound Se A2 A2 B25 B25 Compound Se A2 A2 B28 B28 325 326 Compound Se A2 A2 B29 B29 Compound Se A2 A2 B30 B30 327 328 Compound Se A2 A2 B38 B38 Compound Se A2 A2 B39 B39 329 330 Compound Se A2 A2 B40 B40 Compound Se A2 A2 B41 B41 331 332 Compound Se A2 A2 B43 B43 Compound Se A2 A2 B52 B52 333 334 Compound Se A2 A2 B56 B56 Compound Se A2 A2 B67 B67 335 336 Compound Se A2 A2 B68 B68 Compound Se A2 A2 B69 B69 337 338 Compound Se A2 A2 B70 B70 Compound Se A2 A2 B71 B71 339 340 Compound Se A2 A2 B72 B72 Compound Se A2 A2 B74 B74 341 342 Compound Se A2 A2 B79 B79 Compound Se A2 A2 B80 B80 343 344 Compound Se A2 A2 B82 B82 Compound Se A2 A2 B83 B83 345 346 Compound Se A2 A2 B86 B86 Compound Se A2 A2 B88 B88 347 348 Compound O A3 A3 B1 B1 Compound O A3 A3 B6 B6 349 350 Compound O A3 A3 B10 B10 Compound O A3 A3 B16 B16 351 352 Compound O A3 A3 B25 B25 Compound O A3 A3 B28 B28 353 354 Compound O A3 A3 B29 B29 Compound O A3 A3 B30 B30 355 356 Compound O A3 A3 B38 B38 Compound O A3 A3 B39 B39 357 358 Compound O A3 A3 B40 B40 Compound O A3 A3 B41 B41 359 360 Compound O A3 A3 B43 B43 Compound O A3 A3 B52 B52 361 362 Compound O A3 A3 B56 B56 Compound O A3 A3 B67 B67 363 364 Compound O A3 A3 B68 B68 Compound O A3 A3 B69 B69 365 366 Compound O A3 A3 B70 B70 Compound O A3 A3 B71 B71 367 368 Compound O A3 A3 B72 B72 Compound O A3 A3 B74 B74 369 370 Compound O A3 A3 B79 B79 Compound O A3 A3 B80 B80 371 372 Compound O A3 A3 B82 B82 Compound O A3 A3 B83 B83 373 374 Compound O A3 A3 B86 B86 Compound O A3 A3 B88 B88 375 376 Compound S A3 A3 B1 B1 Compound S A3 A3 B6 B6 377 378 Compound S A3 A3 B10 B10 Compound S A3 A3 B16 B16 379 380 Compound S A3 A3 B25 B25 Compound S A3 A3 B28 B28 381 382 Compound S A3 A3 B29 B29 Compound S A3 A3 B30 B30 383 384 Compound S A3 A3 B38 B38 Compound S A3 A3 B39 B39 385 386 Compound S A3 A3 B40 B40 Compound S A3 A3 B41 B41 387 388 Compound S A3 A3 B43 B43 Compound S A3 A3 B52 B52 389 390 Compound S A3 A3 B56 B56 Compound S A3 A3 B67 B67 391 392 Compound S A3 A3 B68 B68 Compound S A3 A3 B69 B69 393 394 Compound S A3 A3 B70 B70 Compound S A3 A3 B71 B71 395 396 Compound S A3 A3 B72 B72 Compound S A3 A3 B74 B74 397 398 Compound S A3 A3 B79 B79 Compound S A3 A3 B80 B80 399 400 Compound S A3 A3 B82 B82 Compound S A3 A3 B83 B83 401 402 Compound S A3 A3 B86 B86 Compound S A3 A3 B88 B88 403 404 Compound Se A3 A3 B1 B1 Compound Se A3 A3 B6 B6 405 406 Compound Se A3 A3 B10 B10 Compound Se A3 A3 B16 B16 407 408 Compound Se A3 A3 B25 B25 Compound Se A3 A3 B28 B28 409 410 Compound Se A3 A3 B29 B29 Compound Se A3 A3 B30 B30 411 412 Compound Se A3 A3 B38 B38 Compound Se A3 A3 B39 B39 413 414 Compound Se A3 A3 B40 B40 Compound Se A3 A3 B41 B41 415 416 Compound Se A3 A3 B43 B43 Compound Se A3 A3 B52 B52 417 418 Compound Se A3 A3 B56 B56 Compound Se A3 A3 B67 B67 419 420 Compound Se A3 A3 B68 B68 Compound Se A3 A3 B69 B69 421 422 Compound Se A3 A3 B70 B70 Compound Se A3 A3 B71 B71 423 424 Compound Se A3 A3 B72 B72 Compound Se A3 A3 B74 B74 425 426 Compound Se A3 A3 B79 B79 Compound Se A3 A3 B80 B80 427 428 Compound Se A3 A3 B82 B82 Compound Se A3 A3 B83 B83 429 430 Compound Se A3 A3 B86 B86 Compound Se A3 A3 B88 B88 431 432 Compound O A4 A4 B1 B1 Compound O A4 A4 B6 B6 433 434 Compound O A4 A4 B10 B10 Compound O A4 A4 B16 B16 435 436 Compound O A4 A4 B25 B25 Compound O A4 A4 B28 B28 437 438 Compound O A4 A4 B29 B29 Compound O A4 A4 B30 B30 439 440 Compound O A4 A4 B38 B38 Compound O A4 A4 B39 B39 441 442 Compound O A4 A4 B40 B40 Compound O A4 A4 B41 B41 443 444 Compound O A4 A4 B43 B43 Compound O A4 A4 B52 B52 445 446 Compound O A4 A4 B56 B56 Compound O A4 A4 B67 B67 447 448 Compound O A4 A4 B68 B68 Compound O A4 A4 B69 B69 449 450 Compound O A4 A4 B70 B70 Compound O A4 A4 B71 B71 451 452 Compound O A4 A4 B72 B72 Compound O A4 A4 B74 B74 453 454 Compound O A4 A4 B79 B79 Compound O A4 A4 B80 B80 455 456 Compound O A4 A4 B82 B82 Compound O A4 A4 B83 B83 457 458 Compound O A4 A4 B86 B86 Compound O A4 A4 B88 B88 459 460 Compound S A4 A4 B1 B1 Compound S A4 A4 B6 B6 461 462 Compound S A4 A4 B10 B10 Compound S A4 A4 B16 B16 463 464 Compound S A4 A4 B25 B25 Compound S A4 A4 B28 B28 465 466 Compound S A4 A4 B29 B29 Compound S A4 A4 B30 B30 467 468 Compound S A4 A4 B38 B38 Compound S A4 A4 B39 B39 469 470 Compound S A4 A4 B40 B40 Compound S A4 A4 B41 B41 471 472 Compound S A4 A4 B43 B43 Compound S A4 A4 B52 B52 473 474 Compound S A4 A4 B56 B56 Compound S A4 A4 B67 B67 475 476 Compound S A4 A4 B68 B68 Compound S A4 A4 B69 B69 477 478 Compound S A4 A4 B70 B70 Compound S A4 A4 B71 B71 479 480 Compound S A4 A4 B72 B72 Compound S A4 A4 B74 B74 481 482 Compound S A4 A4 B79 B79 Compound S A4 A4 B80 B80 483 484 Compound S A4 A4 B82 B82 Compound S A4 A4 B83 B83 485 486 Compound S A4 A4 B86 B86 Compound S A4 A4 B88 B88 487 488 Compound Se A4 A4 B1 B1 Compound Se A4 A4 B6 B6 489 490 Compound Se A4 A4 B10 B10 Compound Se A4 A4 B16 B16 491 492 Compound Se A4 A4 B25 B25 Compound Se A4 A4 B28 B28 493 494 Compound Se A4 A4 B29 B29 Compound Se A4 A4 B30 B30 495 496 Compound Se A4 A4 B38 B38 Compound Se A4 A4 B39 B39 497 498 Compound Se A4 A4 B40 B40 Compound Se A4 A4 B41 B41 499 500 Compound Se A4 A4 B43 B43 Compound Se A4 A4 B52 B52 501 502 Compound Se A4 A4 B56 B56 Compound Se A4 A4 B67 B67 503 504 Compound Se A4 A4 B68 B68 Compound Se A4 A4 B69 B69 505 506 Compound Se A4 A4 B70 B70 Compound Se A4 A4 B71 B71 507 508 Compound Se A4 A4 B72 B72 Compound Se A4 A4 B74 B74 509 510 Compound Se A4 A4 B79 B79 Compound Se A4 A4 B80 B80 511 512 Compound Se A4 A4 B82 B82 Compound Se A4 A4 B83 B83 513 514 Compound Se A4 A4 B86 B86 Compound Se A4 A4 B88 B88 515 516 Compound O A5 A5 B1 B1 Compound O A5 A5 B6 B6 517 518 Compound O A5 A5 B10 B10 Compound O A5 A5 B16 B16 519 520 Compound O A5 A5 B25 B25 Compound O A5 A5 B28 B28 521 522 Compound O A5 A5 B29 B29 Compound O A5 A5 B30 B30 523 524 Compound O A5 A5 B38 B38 Compound O A5 A5 B39 B39 525 526 Compound O A5 A5 B40 B40 Compound O A5 A5 B41 B41 527 528 Compound O A5 A5 B43 B43 Compound O A5 A5 B52 B52 529 530 Compound O A5 A5 B56 B56 Compound O A5 A5 B67 B67 531 532 Compound O A5 A5 B68 B68 Compound O A5 A5 B69 B69 533 534 Compound O A5 A5 B70 B70 Compound O A5 A5 B71 B71 535 536 Compound O A5 A5 B72 B72 Compound O A5 A5 B74 B74 537 538 Compound O A5 A5 B79 B79 Compound O A5 A5 B80 B80 539 540 Compound O A5 A5 B82 B82 Compound O A5 A5 B83 B83 541 542 Compound O A5 A5 B86 B86 Compound O A5 A5 B88 B88 543 544 Compound S A5 A5 B1 B1 Compound S A5 A5 B6 B6 545 546 Compound S A5 A5 B10 B10 Compound S A5 A5 B16 B16 547 548 Compound S A5 A5 B25 B25 Compound S A5 A5 B28 B28 549 550 Compound S A5 A5 B29 B29 Compound S A5 A5 B30 B30 551 552 Compound S A5 A5 B38 B38 Compound S A5 A5 B39 B39 553 554 Compound S A5 A5 B40 B40 Compound S A5 A5 B41 B41 555 556 Compound S A5 A5 B43 B43 Compound S A5 A5 B52 B52 557 558 Compound S A5 A5 B56 B56 Compound S A5 A5 B67 B67 559 560 Compound S A5 A5 B68 B68 Compound S A5 A5 B69 B69 561 562 Compound S A5 A5 B70 B70 Compound S A5 A5 B71 B71 563 564 Compound S A5 A5 B72 B72 Compound S A5 A5 B74 B74 565 566 Compound S A5 A5 B79 B79 Compound S A5 A5 B80 B80 567 568 Compound S A5 A5 B82 B82 Compound S A5 A5 B83 B83 569 570 Compound S A5 A5 B86 B86 Compound S A5 A5 B88 B88 571 572 Compound Se A5 A5 B1 B1 Compound Se A5 A5 B6 B6 573 574 Compound Se A5 A5 B10 B10 Compound Se A5 A5 B16 B16 575 576 Compound Se A5 A5 B25 B25 Compound Se A5 A5 B28 B28 577 578 Compound Se A5 A5 B29 B29 Compound Se A5 A5 B30 B30 579 580 Compound Se A5 A5 B38 B38 Compound Se A5 A5 B39 B39 581 582 Compound Se A5 A5 B40 B40 Compound Se A5 A5 B41 B41 583 584 Compound Se A5 A5 B43 B43 Compound Se A5 A5 B52 B52 585 586 Compound Se A5 A5 B56 B56 Compound Se A5 A5 B67 B67 587 588 Compound Se A5 A5 B68 B68 Compound Se A5 A5 B69 B69 589 590 Compound Se A5 A5 B70 B70 Compound Se A5 A5 B71 B71 591 592 Compound Se A5 A5 B72 B72 Compound Se A5 A5 B74 B74 593 594 Compound Se A5 A5 B79 B79 Compound Se A5 A5 B80 B80 595 596 Compound Se A5 A5 B82 B82 Compound Se A5 A5 B83 B83 597 598 Compound Se A5 A5 B86 B86 Compound Se A5 A5 B88 B88 599 600 Compound O A6 A6 B1 B1 Compound O A6 A6 B6 B6 601 602 Compound O A6 A6 B10 B10 Compound O A6 A6 B16 B16 603 604 Compound O A6 A6 B25 B25 Compound O A6 A6 B28 B28 605 606 Compound O A6 A6 B29 B29 Compound O A6 A6 B30 B30 607 608 Compound O A6 A6 B38 B38 Compound O A6 A6 B39 B39 609 610 Compound O A6 A6 B40 B40 Compound O A6 A6 B41 B41 611 612 Compound O A6 A6 B43 B43 Compound O A6 A6 B52 B52 613 614 Compound O A6 A6 B56 B56 Compound O A6 A6 B67 B67 615 616 Compound O A6 A6 B68 B68 Compound O A6 A6 B69 B69 617 618 Compound O A6 A6 B70 B70 Compound O A6 A6 B71 B71 619 620 Compound O A6 A6 B72 B72 Compound O A6 A6 B74 B74 621 622 Compound O A6 A6 B79 B79 Compound O A6 A6 B80 B80 623 624 Compound O A6 A6 B82 B82 Compound O A6 A6 B83 B83 625 626 Compound O A6 A6 B86 B86 Compound O A6 A6 B88 B88 627 628 Compound S A6 A6 B1 B1 Compound S A6 A6 B6 B6 629 630 Compound S A6 A6 B10 B10 Compound S A6 A6 B16 B16 631 632 Compound S A6 A6 B25 B25 Compound S A6 A6 B28 B28 633 634 Compound S A6 A6 B29 B29 Compound S A6 A6 B30 B30 635 636 Compound S A6 A6 B38 B38 Compound S A6 A6 B39 B39 637 638 Compound S A6 A6 B40 B40 Compound S A6 A6 B41 B41 639 640 Compound S A6 A6 B43 B43 Compound S A6 A6 B52 B52 641 642 Compound S A6 A6 B56 B56 Compound S A6 A6 B67 B67 643 644 Compound S A6 A6 B68 B68 Compound S A6 A6 B69 B69 645 646 Compound S A6 A6 B70 B70 Compound S A6 A6 B71 B71 647 648 Compound S A6 A6 B72 B72 Compound S A6 A6 B74 B74 649 650 Compound S A6 A6 B79 B79 Compound S A6 A6 B80 B80 651 652 Compound S A6 A6 B82 B82 Compound S A6 A6 B83 B83 653 654 Compound S A6 A6 B86 B86 Compound S A6 A6 B88 B88 655 656 Compound Se A6 A6 B1 B1 Compound Se A6 A6 B6 B6 657 658 Compound Se A6 A6 B10 B10 Compound Se A6 A6 B16 B16 659 660 Compound Se A6 A6 B25 B25 Compound Se A6 A6 B28 B28 661 662 Compound Se A6 A6 B29 B29 Compound Se A6 A6 B30 B30 663 664 Compound Se A6 A6 B38 B38 Compound Se A6 A6 B39 B39 665 666 Compound Se A6 A6 B40 B40 Compound Se A6 A6 B41 B41 667 668 Compound Se A6 A6 B43 B43 Compound Se A6 A6 B52 B52 669 670 Compound Se A6 A6 B56 B56 Compound Se A6 A6 B67 B67 671 672 Compound Se A6 A6 B68 B68 Compound Se A6 A6 B69 B69 673 674 Compound Se A6 A6 B70 B70 Compound Se A6 A6 B71 B71 675 676 Compound Se A6 A6 B72 B72 Compound Se A6 A6 B74 B74 677 678 Compound Se A6 A6 B79 B79 Compound Se A6 A6 B80 B80 679 680 Compound Se A6 A6 B82 B82 Compound Se A6 A6 B83 B83 681 682 Compound Se A6 A6 B86 B86 Compound Se A6 A6 B88 B88 683 684 Compound O A7 A7 B1 B1 Compound O A7 A7 B6 B6 685 686 Compound O A7 A7 B10 B10 Compound O A7 A7 B16 B16 687 688 Compound O A7 A7 B25 B25 Compound O A7 A7 B28 B28 689 690 Compound O A7 A7 B29 B29 Compound O A7 A7 B30 B30 691 692 Compound O A7 A7 B38 B38 Compound O A7 A7 B39 B39 693 694 Compound O A7 A7 B40 B40 Compound O A7 A7 B41 B41 695 696 Compound O A7 A7 B43 B43 Compound O A7 A7 B52 B52 697 698 Compound O A7 A7 B56 B56 Compound O A7 A7 B67 B67 699 700 Compound O A7 A7 B68 B68 Compound O A7 A7 B69 B69 701 702 Compound O A7 A7 B70 B70 Compound O A7 A7 B71 B71 703 704 Compound O A7 A7 B72 B72 Compound O A7 A7 B74 B74 705 706 Compound O A7 A7 B79 B79 Compound O A7 A7 B80 B80 707 708 Compound O A7 A7 B82 B82 Compound O A7 A7 B83 B83 709 710 Compound O A7 A7 B86 B86 Compound O A7 A7 B88 B88 711 712 Compound S A7 A7 B1 B1 Compound S A7 A7 B6 B6 713 714 Compound S A7 A7 B10 B10 Compound S A7 A7 B16 B16 715 716 Compound S A7 A7 B25 B25 Compound S A7 A7 B28 B28 717 718 Compound S A7 A7 B29 B29 Compound S A7 A7 B30 B30 719 720 Compound S A7 A7 B38 B38 Compound S A7 A7 B39 B39 721 722 Compound S A7 A7 B40 B40 Compound S A7 A7 B41 B41 723 724 Compound S A7 A7 B43 B43 Compound S A7 A7 B52 B52 725 726 Compound S A7 A7 B56 B56 Compound S A7 A7 B67 B67 727 728 Compound S A7 A7 B68 B68 Compound S A7 A7 B69 B69 729 730 Compound S A7 A7 B70 B70 Compound S A7 A7 B71 B71 731 732 Compound S A7 A7 B72 B72 Compound S A7 A7 B74 B74 733 734 Compound S A7 A7 B79 B79 Compound S A7 A7 B80 B80 735 736 Compound S A7 A7 B82 B82 Compound S A7 A7 B83 B83 737 738 Compound S A7 A7 B86 B86 Compound S A7 A7 B88 B88 739 740 Compound Se A7 A7 B1 B1 Compound Se A7 A7 B6 B6 741 742 Compound Se A7 A7 B10 B10 Compound Se A7 A7 B16 B16 743 744 Compound Se A7 A7 B25 B25 Compound Se A7 A7 B28 B28 745 746 Compound Se A7 A7 B29 B29 Compound Se A7 A7 B30 B30 747 748 Compound Se A7 A7 B38 B38 Compound Se A7 A7 B39 B39 749 750 Compound Se A7 A7 B40 B40 Compound Se A7 A7 B41 B41 751 752 Compound Se A7 A7 B43 B43 Compound Se A7 A7 B52 B52 753 754 Compound Se A7 A7 B56 B56 Compound Se A7 A7 B67 B67 755 756 Compound Se A7 A7 B68 B68 Compound Se A7 A7 B69 B69 757 758 Compound Se A7 A7 B70 B70 Compound Se A7 A7 B71 B71 759 760 Compound Se A7 A7 B72 B72 Compound Se A7 A7 B74 B74 761 762 Compound Se A7 A7 B79 B79 Compound Se A7 A7 B80 B80 763 764 Compound Se A7 A7 B82 B82 Compound Se A7 A7 B83 B83 765 766 Compound Se A7 A7 B86 B86 Compound Se A7 A7 B88 B88 767 768 Compound O O O B1 B1 Compound O O O B6 B6 769 770 Compound O O O B10 B10 Compound O O O B22 B22 771 772 Compound O O O B25 B25 Compound O O O B28 B28 773 774 Compound O O O B29 B29 Compound O O O B30 B30 775 776 Compound O O O B38 B38 Compound O O O B39 B39 777 778 Compound O O O B40 B40 Compound O O O B41 B41 779 780 Compound O O O B43 B43 Compound O O O B52 B52 781 782 Compound O O O B56 B56 Compound O O O B67 B67 783 784 Compound O O O B68 B68 Compound O O O B69 B69 785 786 Compound O O O B70 B70 Compound O O O B71 B71 787 788 Compound O O O B72 B72 Compound O O O B74 B74 789 790 Compound O O O B79 B79 Compound O O O B80 B80 791 792 Compound O O O B82 B82 Compound O O O B83 B83 793 794 Compound O O O B86 B86 Compound O O O B88 B88 795 796 Compound S O O B1 B1 Compound S O O B6 B6 797 798 Compound S O O B10 B10 Compound S O O B22 B22 799 800 Compound S O O B25 B25 Compound S O O B28 B28 801 802 Compound S O O B29 B29 Compound S O O B30 B30 803 804 Compound S O O B38 B38 Compound S O O B39 B39 805 806 Compound S O O B40 B40 Compound S O O B41 B41 807 808 Compound S O O B43 B43 Compound S O O B52 B52 809 810 Compound S O O B56 B56 Compound S O O B67 B67 811 812 Compound S O O B68 B68 Compound S O O B69 B69 813 814 Compound S O O B70 B70 Compound S O O B71 B71 815 816 Compound S O O B72 B72 Compound S O O B74 B74 817 818 Compound S O O B79 B79 Compound S O O B80 B80 819 820 Compound S O O B82 B82 Compound S O O B83 B83 821 822 Compound S O O B86 B86 Compound S O O B88 B88 823 824 Compound Se O O B1 B1 Compound Se O O B6 B6 825 826 Compound Se O O B10 B10 Compound Se O O B22 B22 827 828 Compound Se O O B25 B25 Compound Se O O B28 B28 829 830 Compound Se O O B29 B29 Compound Se O O B30 B30 831 832 Compound Se O O B38 B38 Compound Se O O B39 B39 833 834 Compound Se O O B40 B40 Compound Se O O B41 B41 835 836 Compound Se O O B43 B43 Compound Se O O B52 B52 837 838 Compound Se O O B56 B56 Compound Se O O B67 B67 839 840 Compound Se O O B68 B68 Compound Se O O B69 B69 841 842 Compound Se O O B70 B70 Compound Se O O B71 B71 843 844 Compound Se O O B72 B72 Compound Se O O B74 B74 845 846 Compound Se O O B79 B79 Compound Se O O B80 B80 847 848 Compound Se O O B82 B82 Compound Se O O B83 B83 849 850 Compound Se O O B86 B86 Compound Se O O B88 B88 851 852 Compound O S S B1 B1 Compound O O O B6 B6 853 854 Compound O S S B10 B10 Compound O S S B22 B22 855 856 Compound O S S B25 B25 Compound O S S B28 B28 857 858 Compound O S S B29 B29 Compound O S S B30 B30 859 860 Compound O S S B38 B38 Compound O S S B39 B39 861 862 Compound O S S B40 B40 Compound O S S B41 B41 863 864 Compound O S S B43 B43 Compound O S S B52 B52 865 866 Compound O S S B56 B56 Compound O S S B67 B67 867 868 Compound O S S B68 B68 Compound O S S B69 B69 869 870 Compound O S S B70 B70 Compound O S S B71 B71 871 872 Compound O S S B72 B72 Compound O S S B74 B74 873 874 Compound O S S B79 B79 Compound O S S B80 B80 875 876 Compound O S S B82 B82 Compound O S S B83 B83 877 878 Compound O S S B86 B86 Compound O S S B88 B88 879 880 Compound S S S B1 B1 Compound S S S B6 B6 881 882 Compound S S S B10 B10 Compound S S S B22 B22 883 884 Compound S S S B25 B25 Compound S S S B28 B28 885 886 Compound S S S B29 B29 Compound S S S B30 B30 887 888 Compound S S S B38 B38 Compound S S S B39 B39 889 890 Compound S S S B40 B40 Compound S S S B41 B41 891 892 Compound S S S B43 B43 Compound S S S B52 B52 893 894 Compound S S S B56 B56 Compound S S S B67 B67 895 896 Compound S S S B68 B68 Compound S S S B69 B69 897 898 Compound S S S B70 B70 Compound S S S B71 B71 899 900 Compound S S S B72 B72 Compound S S S B74 B74 901 902 Compound S S S B79 B79 Compound S S S B80 B80 903 904 Compound S S S B82 B82 Compound S S S B83 B83 905 906 Compound S S S B86 B86 Compound S S S B88 B88 907 908 Compound Se S S B1 B1 Compound Se S S B6 B6 909 910 Compound Se S S B10 B10 Compound Se S S B22 B22 911 912 Compound Se S S B25 B25 Compound Se S S B28 B28 913 914 Compound Se S S B29 B29 Compound Se S S B30 B30 915 916 Compound Se S S B38 B38 Compound Se S S B39 B39 917 918 Compound Se S S B40 B40 Compound Se S S B41 B41 919 920 Compound Se S S B43 B43 Compound Se S S B52 B52 921 922 Compound Se S S B56 B56 Compound Se S S B67 B67 923 924 Compound Se S S B68 B68 Compound Se S S B69 B69 925 926 Compound Se S S B70 B70 Compound Se S S B71 B71 927 928 Compound Se S S B72 B72 Compound Se S S B74 B74 929 930 Compound Se S S B79 B79 Compound Se S S B80 B80 931 932 Compound Se S S B82 B82 Compound Se S S B83 B83 933 934 Compound Se S S B86 B86 Compound Se S S B88 B88 935 936 Compound O Se Se B1 B1 Compound O Se Se B6 B6 937 938 Compound O Se Se B10 B10 Compound O Se Se B22 B22 939 940 Compound O Se Se B25 B25 Compound O Se Se B28 B28 941 942 Compound O Se Se B29 B29 Compound O Se Se B30 B30 943 944 Compound O Se Se B38 B38 Compound O Se Se B39 B39 945 946 Compound O Se Se B40 B40 Compound O Se Se B41 B41 947 948 Compound O Se Se B43 B43 Compound O Se Se B52 B52 949 950 Compound O Se Se B56 B56 Compound O Se Se B67 B67 951 952 Compound O Se Se B68 B68 Compound O Se Se B69 B69 953 954 Compound O Se Se B70 B70 Compound O Se Se B71 B71 955 956 Compound O Se Se B72 B72 Compound O Se Se B74 B74 957 958 Compound O Se Se B79 B79 Compound O Se Se B80 B80 959 960 Compound O Se Se B82 B82 Compound O Se Se B83 B83 961 962 Compound O Se Se B86 B86 Compound O Se Se B88 B88 963 964 Compound S Se Se B1 B1 Compound S Se Se B6 B6 965 966 Compound S Se Se B10 B10 Compound S Se Se B22 B22 967 968 Compound S Se Se B25 B25 Compound S Se Se B28 B28 969 970 Compound S Se Se B29 B29 Compound S Se Se B30 B30 971 972 Compound S Se Se B38 B38 Compound S Se Se B39 B39 973 974 Compound S Se Se B40 B40 Compound S Se Se B41 B41 975 976 Compound S Se Se B43 B43 Compound S Se Se B52 B52 977 978 Compound S Se Se B56 B56 Compound S Se Se B67 B67 979 980 Compound S Se Se B68 B68 Compound S Se Se B69 B69 981 982 Compound S Se Se B70 B70 Compound S Se Se B71 B71 983 984 Compound S Se Se B72 B72 Compound S Se Se B74 B74 985 986 Compound S Se Se B79 B79 Compound S Se Se B80 B80 987 988 Compound S Se Se B82 B82 Compound S Se Se B83 B83 989 990 Compound S Se Se B86 B86 Compound S Se Se B88 B88 991 992 Compound Se Se Se B1 B1 Compound Se Se Se B6 B6 993 994 Compound Se Se Se B10 B10 Compound Se Se Se B22 B22 995 996 Compound Se Se Se B25 B25 Compound Se Se Se B28 B28 997 998 Compound Se Se Se B29 B29 Compound Se Se Se B30 B30 999 1000 Compound Se Se Se B38 B38 Compound Se Se Se B39 B39 1001 1002 Compound Se Se Se B40 B40 Compound Se Se Se B41 B41 1003 1004 Compound Se Se Se B43 B43 Compound Se Se Se B52 B52 1005 1006 Compound Se Se Se B56 B56 Compound Se Se Se B67 B67 1007 1008 Compound Se Se Se B68 B68 Compound Se Se Se B69 B69 1009 1010 Compound Se Se Se B70 B70 Compound Se Se Se B71 B71 1011 1012 Compound Se Se Se B72 B72 Compound Se Se Se B74 B74 1013 1014 Compound Se Se Se B79 B79 Compound Se Se Se B80 B80 1015 1016 Compound Se Se Se B82 B82 Compound Se Se Se B83 B83 1017 1018 Compound Se Se Se B86 B86 Compound Se Se Se B88 B88 1019 1020 Compound O A1 A1 B1 B6 Compound O A1 A1 B2 B6 1021 1022 Compound O A1 A1 B25 B26 Compound O A1 A1 B27 B28 1023 1024 Compound O A1 A1 B29 B30 Compound O A1 A1 B39 B40 1025 1026 Compound O A1 A1 B54 B41 Compound O A1 A1 B54 B52 1027 1028 Compound O A1 A1 B52 B56 Compound O A1 A1 B55 B56 1029 1030 Compound O A1 A1 B64 B56 Compound O A1 A1 B68 B69 1031 1032 Compound O A1 A1 B69 B70 Compound O A1 A1 B71 B72 1033 1034 Compound O A1 A1 B68 B80 Compound O A1 A1 B68 B83 1035 1036 Compound S A1 A1 B1 B6 Compound S A1 A1 B2 B6 1037 1038 Compound S A1 A1 B25 B26 Compound S A1 A1 B27 B28 1039 1040 Compound S A1 A1 B29 B30 Compound S A1 A1 B39 B40 1041 1042 Compound S A1 A1 B54 B41 Compound S A1 A1 B54 B52 1043 1044 Compound S A1 A1 B52 B56 Compound S A1 A1 B55 B56 1045 1046 Compound S A1 A1 B64 B56 Compound S A1 A1 B68 B69 1047 1048 Compound S A1 A1 B69 B70 Compound S A1 A1 B71 B72 1049 1050 Compound S A1 A1 B68 B80 Compound S A1 A1 B68 B83 1051 1052 Compound Se A1 A1 B1 B6 Compound Se A1 A1 B2 B6 1053 1054 Compound Se A1 A1 B25 B26 Compound Se A1 A1 B27 B28 1055 1056 Compound Se A1 A1 B29 B30 Compound Se A1 A1 B39 B40 1057 1058 Compound Se A1 A1 B54 B41 Compound Se A1 A1 B54 B52 1059 1060 Compound Se A1 A1 B52 B56 Compound Se A1 A1 B55 B56 1061 1062 Compound Se A1 A1 B64 B56 Compound Se A1 A1 B68 B69 1063 1064 Compound Se A1 A1 B69 B70 Compound Se A1 A1 B71 B72 1065 1066 Compound Se A1 A1 B68 B80 Compound Se A1 A1 B68 B83 1067 1068 Compound O A2 A2 B1 B6 Compound O A2 A2 B2 B6 1069 1070 Compound O A2 A2 B25 B26 Compound O A2 A2 B27 B28 1071 1072 Compound O A2 A2 B29 B30 Compound O A2 A2 B39 B40 1073 1074 Compound O A2 A2 B54 B41 Compound O A2 A2 B54 B52 1075 1076 Compound O A2 A2 B52 B56 Compound O A2 A2 B55 B56 1077 1078 Compound O A2 A2 B64 B56 Compound O A2 A2 B68 B69 1079 1080 Compound O A2 A2 B69 B70 Compound O A2 A2 B71 B72 1081 1082 Compound O A2 A2 B68 B80 Compound O A2 A2 B68 B83 1083 1084 Compound S A2 A2 B1 B6 Compound S A2 A2 B2 B6 1085 1086 Compound S A2 A2 B25 B26 Compound S A2 A2 B27 B28 1087 1088 Compound S A2 A2 B29 B30 Compound S A2 A2 B39 B40 1089 1090 Compound S A2 A2 B54 B41 Compound S A2 A2 B54 B52 1091 1092 Compound S A2 A2 B52 B56 Compound S A2 A2 B55 B56 1093 1094 Compound S A2 A2 B64 B56 Compound S A2 A2 B68 B69 1095 1096 Compound S A2 A2 B69 B70 Compound S A2 A2 B71 B72 1097 1098 Compound S A2 A2 B68 B80 Compound S A2 A2 B68 B83 1099 1100 Compound Se A2 A2 B1 B6 Compound Se A2 A2 B2 B6 1101 1102 Compound Se A2 A2 B25 B26 Compound Se A2 A2 B27 B28 1103 1104 Compound Se A2 A2 B29 B30 Compound Se A2 A2 B39 B40 1105 1106 Compound Se A2 A2 B54 B41 Compound Se A2 A2 B54 B52 1107 1108 Compound Se A2 A2 B52 B56 Compound Se A2 A2 B55 B56 1109 1110 Compound Se A2 A2 B64 B56 Compound Se A2 A2 B68 B69 1111 1112 Compound Se A2 A2 B69 B70 Compound Se A2 A2 B71 B72 1113 1114 Compound Se A2 A2 B68 B80 Compound Se A2 A2 B68 B83 1115 1116 Compound O A3 A3 B1 B1 Compound O A3 A3 B6 B6 1117 1118 Compound O A3 A3 B25 B25 Compound O A3 A3 B28 B28 1119 1120 Compound O A3 A3 B29 B29 Compound O A3 A3 B30 B30 1121 1122 Compound O A3 A3 B56 B56 Compound O A3 A3 B67 B67 1123 1124 Compound O A3 A3 B68 B68 Compound O A3 A3 B69 B69 1125 1126 Compound O A3 A3 B70 B70 Compound O A3 A3 B71 B71 1127 1128 Compound O A3 A3 B72 B72 Compound O A3 A3 B74 B74 1129 1130 Compound O A3 A3 B80 B80 Compound O A3 A3 B83 B83 1131 1132 Compound S A3 A3 B1 B1 Compound S A3 A3 B6 B6 1133 1134 Compound S A3 A3 B25 B25 Compound S A3 A3 B28 B28 1135 1136 Compound S A3 A3 B29 B29 Compound S A3 A3 B30 B30 1137 1138 Compound S A3 A3 B56 B56 Compound S A3 A3 B67 B67 1139 1140 Compound S A3 A3 B68 B68 Compound S A3 A3 B69 B69 1141 1142 Compound S A3 A3 B70 B70 Compound S A3 A3 B71 B71 1143 1144 Compound S A3 A3 B72 B72 Compound S A3 A3 B74 B74 1145 1146 Compound S A3 A3 B80 B80 Compound S A3 A3 B83 B83 1147 1148 Compound Se A3 A3 B1 B1 Compound Se A3 A3 B6 B6 1149 1150 Compound Se A3 A3 B25 B25 Compound Se A3 A3 B28 B28 1151 1152 Compound Se A3 A3 B29 B29 Compound Se A3 A3 B30 B30 1153 1154 Compound Se A3 A3 B56 B56 Compound Se A3 A3 B67 B67 1155 1156 Compound Se A3 A3 B68 B68 Compound Se A3 A3 B69 B69 1157 1158 Compound Se A3 A3 B70 B70 Compound Se A3 A3 B71 B71 1159 1160 Compound Se A3 A3 B72 B72 Compound Se A3 A3 B74 B74 1161 1162 Compound Se A3 A3 B80 B80 Compound Se A3 A3 B83 B83 1163 1164 Compound O O A1 B1 B1 Compound O O A1 B6 B6 1165 1166 Compound O O A1 B25 B25 Compound O O A1 B28 B28 1167 1168 Compound O O A1 B29 B29 Compound O O A1 B30 B30 1169 1170 Compound O O A1 B56 B56 Compound O O A1 B67 B67 1171 1172 Compound O O A1 B68 B68 Compound O O A1 B69 B69 1173 1174 Compound O O A1 B70 B70 Compound O O A1 B71 B71 1175 1176 Compound O O A1 B72 B72 Compound O O A1 B74 B74 1177 1178 Compound O O A1 B80 B80 Compound O O A1 B83 B83 1179 1180 Compound S O A1 B1 B1 Compound S O A1 B6 B6 1181 1182 Compound S O A1 B25 B25 Compound S O A1 B28 B28 1183 1184 Compound S O A1 B29 B29 Compound S O A1 B30 B30 1185 1186 Compound S O A1 B56 B56 Compound S O A1 B67 B67 1187 1188 Compound S O A1 B68 B68 Compound S O A1 B69 B69 1189 1190 Compound S O A1 B70 B70 Compound S O A1 B71 B71 1191 1192 Compound S O A1 B72 B72 Compound S O A1 B74 B74 1193 1194 Compound S O A1 B80 B80 Compound S O A1 B83 B83 1195 1196 Compound Se O A1 B1 B1 Compound Se O A1 B6 B6 1197 1198 Compound Se O A1 B25 B25 Compound Se O A1 B28 B28 1199 1200 Compound Se O A1 B29 B29 Compound Se O A1 B30 B30 1201 1202 Compound Se O A1 B56 B56 Compound Se O A1 B67 B67 1203 1204 Compound Se O A1 B68 B68 Compound Se O A1 B69 B69 1205 1206 Compound Se O A1 B70 B70 Compound Se O A1 B71 B71 1207 1208 Compound Se O A1 B72 B72 Compound Se O A1 B74 B74 1209 1210 Compound Se O A1 B80 B80 Compound Se O A1 B83 B83 1211 1212 Compound O A1 A2 B1 B1 Compound O A1 A2 B6 B6 1213 1214 Compound O A1 A2 B25 B25 Compound O A1 A2 B28 B28 1215 1216 Compound O A1 A2 B29 B29 Compound O A1 A2 B30 B30 1217 1218 Compound O A1 A2 B56 B56 Compound O A1 A2 B67 B67 1219 1220 Compound O A1 A2 B68 B68 Compound O A1 A2 B69 B69 1221 1222 Compound O A1 A2 B70 B70 Compound O A1 A2 B71 B71 1223 1224 Compound O A1 A2 B72 B72 Compound O A1 A2 B74 B74 1225 1226 Compound O A1 A2 B80 B80 Compound O A1 A2 B83 B83 1227 1228 Compound S A1 A2 B1 B1 Compound S A1 A2 B6 B6 1229 1230 Compound S A1 A2 B25 B25 Compound S A1 A2 B28 B28 1231 1232 Compound S A1 A2 B29 B29 Compound S A1 A2 B30 B30 1233 1234 Compound S A1 A2 B56 B56 Compound S A1 A2 B67 B67 1235 1236 Compound S A1 A2 B68 B68 Compound S A1 A2 B69 B69 1237 1238 Compound S A1 A2 B70 B70 Compound S A1 A2 B71 B71 1239 1240 Compound S A1 A2 B72 B72 Compound S A1 A2 B74 B74 1241 1242 Compound S A1 A2 B80 B80 Compound S A1 A2 B83 B83 1243 1244 Compound Se A1 A2 B1 B1 Compound Se A1 A2 B6 B6 1245 1246 Compound Se A1 A2 B25 B25 Compound Se A1 A2 B28 B28 1247 1248 Compound Se A1 A2 B29 B29 Compound Se A1 A2 B30 B30 1249 1250 Compound Se A1 A2 B56 B56 Compound Se A1 A2 B67 B67 1251 1252 Compound Se A1 A2 B68 B68 Compound Se A1 A2 B69 B69 1253 1254 Compound Se A1 A2 B70 B70 Compound Se A1 A2 B71 B71 1255 1256 Compound Se A1 A2 B72 B72 Compound Se A1 A2 B74 B74 1257 1258 Compound Se A1 A2 B80 B80 Compound Se A1 A2 B83 B83 1259 1260 Compound O A1 A3 B1 B1 Compound O A1 A3 B6 B6 1261 1262 Compound O A1 A3 B25 B25 Compound O A1 A3 B28 B28 1263 1264 Compound O A1 A3 B29 B29 Compound O A1 A3 B30 B30 1265 1266 Compound O A1 A3 B56 B56 Compound O A1 A3 B67 B67 1267 1268 Compound O A1 A3 B68 B68 Compound O A1 A3 B69 B69 1269 1270 Compound O A1 A3 B70 B70 Compound O A1 A3 B71 B71 1271 1272 Compound O A1 A3 B72 B72 Compound O A1 A3 B74 B74 1273 1274 Compound O A1 A3 B80 B80 Compound O A1 A3 B83 B83 1275 1276 Compound S A1 A3 B1 B1 Compound S A1 A3 B6 B6 1277 1278 Compound S A1 A3 B25 B25 Compound S A1 A3 B28 B28 1279 1280 Compound S A1 A3 B29 B29 Compound S A1 A3 B30 B30 1281 1282 Compound S A1 A3 B56 B56 Compound S A1 A3 B67 B67 1283 1284 Compound S A1 A3 B68 B68 Compound S A1 A3 B69 B69 1285 1286 Compound S A1 A3 B70 B70 Compound S A1 A3 B71 B71 1287 1288 Compound S A1 A3 B72 B72 Compound S A1 A3 B74 B74 1289 1290 Compound S A1 A3 B80 B80 Compound S A1 A3 B83 B83 1291 1292 Compound Se A1 A3 B1 B1 Compound Se A1 A3 B6 B6 1293 1294 Compound Se A1 A3 B25 B25 Compound Se A1 A3 B28 B28 1295 1296 Compound Se A1 A3 B29 B29 Compound Se A1 A3 B30 B30 1297 1298 Compound Se A1 A3 B56 B56 Compound Se A1 A3 B67 B67 1299 1300 Compound Se A1 A3 B68 B68 Compound Se A1 A3 B69 B69 1301 1302 Compound Se A1 A3 B70 B70 Compound Se A1 A3 B71 B71 1303 1304 Compound Se A1 A3 B72 B72 Compound Se A1 A3 B74 B74 1305 1306 Compound Se A1 A3 B80 B80 Compound Se A1 A3 B83 B83 1307 1308 Compound O A2 A6 B1 B1 Compound O A2 A6 B6 B6 1309 1310 Compound O A2 A6 B25 B25 Compound O A2 A6 B28 B28 1311 1312 Compound O A2 A6 B29 B29 Compound O A2 A6 B30 B30 1313 1314 Compound O A2 A6 B56 B56 Compound O A2 A6 B67 B67 1315 1316 Compound O A2 A6 B68 B68 Compound O A2 A6 B69 B69 1317 1318 Compound O A2 A6 B70 B70 Compound O A2 A6 B71 B71 1319 1320 Compound O A2 A6 B72 B72 Compound O A2 A6 B74 B74 1321 1322 Compound O A2 A6 B80 B80 Compound O A2 A6 B83 B83 1323 1324 Compound S A2 A6 B1 B1 Compound S A2 A6 B6 B6 1325 1326 Compound S A2 A6 B25 B25 Compound S A2 A6 B28 B28 1327 1328 Compound S A2 A6 B29 B29 Compound S A2 A6 B30 B30 1329 1330 Compound S A2 A6 B56 B56 Compound S A2 A6 B67 B67 1331 1332 Compound S A2 A6 B68 B68 Compound S A2 A6 B69 B69 1333 1334 Compound S A2 A6 B70 B70 Compound S A2 A6 B71 B71 1335 1336 Compound S A2 A6 B72 B72 Compound S A2 A6 B74 B74 1337 1338 Compound S A2 A6 B80 B80 Compound S A2 A6 B83 B83 1339 1340 Compound Se A2 A6 B1 B1 Compound Se A2 A6 B6 B6 1341 1342 Compound Se A2 A6 B25 B25 Compound Se A2 A6 B28 B28 1343 1344 Compound Se A2 A6 B29 B29 Compound Se A2 A6 B30 B30 1345 1346 Compound Se A2 A6 B56 B56 Compound Se A2 A6 B67 B67 1347 1348 Compound Se A2 A6 B68 B68 Compound Se A2 A6 B69 B69 1349 1350 Compound Se A2 A6 B70 B70 Compound Se A2 A6 B71 B71 1351 1352 Compound Se A2 A6 B72 B72 Compound Se A2 A6 B74 B74 1353 1354 Compound Se A2 A6 B80 B80 Compound Se A2 A6 B83 B83. 1355 1356


12. An electroluminescent device comprising: an anode, a cathode, and an organic layer disposed between the anode and the cathode, wherein the organic layer comprises a compound having Formula 1′:

wherein each of X and Y is independently selected from the group consisting of CR″R′″, NR′, O, S and Se; wherein each of Z₁ and Z₂ is independently selected from the group consisting of O, S and Se; wherein each of R, R′, R″ and R′″ is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, nitroso, nitro, acyl, carbonyl, a carboxylic acid group, an ester group, cyano, isocyano, SCN, OCN, SF₅, boranyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, phosphoroso, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted arylalkyl group having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylsilyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted arylsilyl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and combinations thereof; wherein each R may be same or different, and at least one of R, R′, R″ and R′″ is a group having at least one electron-withdrawing group; and wherein adjacent substituents can be optionally joined to form a ring or a fused structure.
 13. The electroluminescent device according to claim 12, wherein the organic layer is a hole injection layer, and the hole injection layer is formed from the compound alone.
 14. The electroluminescent device according to claim 12, wherein the organic layer is a hole injection layer, and the hole injection layer is formed from the compound comprising a dopant which comprises at least one hole transporting material; wherein the hole transporting material comprises a compound having a triarylamine unit, a spirobifluorene compound, a pentacene compound, an oligothiophene compound, an oligophenyl compound, an oligophenylene vinyl compound, an oligofluorene compound, a porphyrin complex or a metal phthalocyanine complex, wherein the molar doping ratio of the compound to the hole transporting material is from 10000:1 to 1:10000; preferably, the molar doping ratio of the compound to the hole transporting material is from 10:1 to 1:100.
 15. The electroluminescent device according to claim 12, wherein the electroluminescent device comprises a plurality of stacks disposed between the anode and the cathode, wherein the stacks comprise a first light-emitting layer and a second light-emitting layer, wherein the first stack comprises a first light-emitting layer, and the second stack comprises a second light-emitting layer, and a charge generation layer is disposed between the first stack and the second stack, wherein the charge generation layer comprises a p-type charge generation layer and an n-type charge generation layer; wherein the p-type charge generation layer comprises a compound having Formula 1′; preferably, the p-type charge generation layer may further comprises at least one hole transporting material and is formed by doping the compound with at least one hole transporting material, wherein the hole transporting material comprises a compound having a triarylamine unit, a spirobifluorene compound, a pentacene compound, an oligothiophene compound, an oligophenyl compound, an oligophenylene vinyl compound, an oligofluorene compound, a porphyrin complex or a metal phthalocyanine complex, wherein the molar doping ratio of the compound to the hole transporting material is from 10000:1 to 1:10000; preferably, the molar doping ratio of the compound to the hole transporting material is from 10:1 to 1:100.
 16. The electroluminescent device according to claim 15, wherein the charge generation layer further includes a buffer layer disposed between the p-type charge generation layer and the n-type charge generation layer, wherein the buffer layer comprises the compound.
 17. A compound formulation comprising the compound of claim
 1. 